3/ kms]{sf kfOnf
-lxGbL n3'syfsf] g]kfnL cg'jfb_
d"n n]vs cg'jfbs
8f=/fdlgjf; dfgj 8f=k'is//fh e§
n3'syf ;ª\u|x M 3/ kms]{sf kfOnf
n3'syfsf/ M 8f= /fdlgjf; dfgj
cg'jfbs 8f= k'is//fh e§
k|sfzs M cgfdl0f k|sfzg
;+:s/0f M klxnf], %)) k|lt
;jf{lwsf/ M cg'jfbsdf
cfj/0f M dx]Gb| cf]]emf -x]6f}++8f_
d"NoM ¿= @))÷–
d'b|s M 6f/u]6 lk|l6Ë k|];, sf7df8f}+ kmf]g M (*$!!&#(&(
cg'jfbssf tkm{af6
n3'syf n]Vg yfn]sf] b'O{ bzs eGbf a9L ;do eof] . ;g\\ @)!& df dg'd'Qm d]df]l/n 6«i6sf] sfo{qmddf xl/of0ff, ef/t k'u]sf] lyPF . sfo{qmdsf cfof]hs 8f=/fdlgjf; dfgj;Fu ToxLF e]6 eof] . e]6sf qmddf n3'syf n]vgsf rrf{ eP . ;g\ @)!* b]lv OG8f]–g]kfn n3'syf ;Dd]ng k|f/De eof] . o;} qmddf 8f= /fdlgjf; dfgjsf n3'syf s[lt klg k|fKt eP . lxGbL ;flxTosf] cg'jfbsf] of] d]/f] klxnf] s[lt xf] . g]kfnL / lxGbL n3'syfnfO{ s;/L hf]8g ;lsG5, ToxL dWolaGb'sf] vf]hLdf 5' d . o;} qmddf of] klxnf] k|of; xf] .
of] s[lt k||sfzgsf qmddf ;j{k|yd cfkm\gf] k':ts cg'jfbsf nflu pknAw u/fpg'x'g] lxGbL ;flxTosf jl/i7 n]vs 8f= /fdlgjf; dfgjk||lt xflb{s s[t1tf 1fkg ub{5' . s[ltdf z'esfdgfsf nflu s[ltsf n]vs 8f= /fdlgjf; dfgj Pjd\ n3'syf ;dfh, g]kfnsf cWoIf >Lcf]d >]i7 …/f]bgÚk|lt xflb{s s[t1tf 1fkg ub{5' . k':tsnfO{ k|sfzg u/]/ hg;dIf Nofpg'x'g] cgfdl0f k|sfzg Pjd\\ o;sf k|d'v /Tgk|;fb cgfdl0f >]i7sf] cd"No u'g slxn] la;{g g;lsg] 5 . cfj/0f lrqsf nflu dx]Gb| cf]emfnfO{ xflb{s wGojfb 5 . s[[lt k|sfzgsf qmdf cfjZos ;Nnfx, ;'emfj lbg] ldq lu/L/fh Gof}kfg]nfO{ klg ;lDem/x]sf] 5' .
8f= k'is//fh e§
x;gk'/, wgu9L pkdxfgu/kflnsf–%, s}nfnL
c:yfoL jf; M sLlt{k'/, sf7df8f}+
;Dks{ M (*$(@@%**#
Pushkarbhatta44@gmail.com
k|sfzssf] egfO
lxGbL ;flxTo;Fu hf]8\g kfpFbf v'';L nfu]sf]] 5 . cgfdl0f k|sfzgn] tLg bh{geGbf a9L k''':tsx¿ k|sfzg ul/;s]sf] 5 . o;} qmddf cg'jfb ;flxTodf eg] of] k':ts klxnf] xf] . of] k|sfzgaf6 g]kfnL n3''syf ;flxTonfO{ lxGbL ;flxTodf hf]8\g kfpFbf lgs} v';L nfu]sf] 5 . o; sfo{df cfkm\gf] kl/>d / d]xgtsf] nflu 8f= k'is//fh e§ ;/nfO{ xflb{s wGojfb lbG5' .
jf:tjdf of]] k':ts n3'syfsf] ljwfdf ljb]zL ;flxlTos cg'jfb eO{ k|sfzg ePsf] klxnf] cj;/ x'g'kb{5 . s''g} klg ;flxTonfO{ csf]{ efiffdf cg'jfb ug{ cfhsf]] cfjZostf / ckl/xfo{tf xf] . cgfdl0f k|sfzgn] cufdL lbgx¿df l8lh6n k|sfzgdf ljz]if hf]8 lbg]5 . o; k':tsnfO{ klg tkfO{Fx¿n] l8lh6n dfWodaf6 x]g{ / k9\g ;Sg'x'g]5 . cufdL lbgx¿df klg xfd|f k|sfzgsf g]kfnL ;flxTosf k':tsx? l8lh6n k|ljlwaf6 cfpg]5g\ . o:tf k|sfzgnfO{{ dfof ul/lbg'x'g]5 eGg] alnof] cfzf / ljZjf; lnPsf] 5' .
cGtdf, cd"'No lxGbL ;flxTosf 8f= /fdlgjf; dfgj / cg'jfbs 8f= k'is//fh e§Ho"nfO{{{ Åbob]lv g} wGojfbsf ;fy} cfpFbf lbgx¿df klg o:t} cj;/ lbg'x'g]5 eGg] cfzfdf .
k|f]= /Tgk|;fb cgfdl0f
cgfdl0f k|sfzg
gfnf, sfe|], g]kfn
z'esfdgf
k|To]s b]z cfk}mFdf k"0f{ x'G5 . e"uf]n, /fhgLlt, Oltxf;, k/Dk/f, ;+:s[ltn] To;nfO{ kl/eflift ul//x]sf] x'G5 . g]kfn / ef/t b'O{ km/skm/s :jtGq b]z eP klg 6f9fsf] slxn] dx;'''; xF'b}g . v'nf l;dfgfn]] lgaf{w cfjft\\hfjt\\ u/fPsf] 5 . efiffn] lgs6 agfPsf] 5 . hghLjgn] ;dfg b]vfPsf] 5Ù wd{, ;+:s[lt, /Lltl/jfh, k|rngdf st} klg c;dfgtf b]lvFb}g . lgs6td l5d]sL b]z dfq geP/ /f]6La]6Lsf] ;DaGwn] ;fF:s[lts ¿kdf klg ulx/f];Fu hf]l8Psf] xflb{s ;DaGw 5 g]kfn / ef/tlardf .
To;} klg efiff;flxTon] s'g} b]zsf] ;LdfnfO{ 6]b}{g . ljZjel/ ofqfsf] nflu :jtGq x'G5 . g]kfn ef/taLrsf] ;DaGwnfO{ efiff;flxTon] cem 3lgi7 agfPsf] Oltxf; hLJfGt 5 . clxn] cfP/ 8f=/fdlgjf; dfgjh:tf ljåfg\ ;flxTosf/sf] l;h{gf g]kfnL kf7s;Dd cfOk'Ug' cToGt} ;'vb ;Gbe{ ag]sf] 5 . ef/tLo ;flxTodf cfk\mgf] ljlzi6 :yfg sfod ul/;Sg' ePsf 8f= dfgjsf] k|ltlglw n3'syfx¿sf] k':ts g]kfnLdf k9\g kfpg' g]kfnL n3'syf If]qs} nflu v';Lsf] s'/f xf] .
s[ltsf/ 8f= dfgj ef/tsf k|l;4 n3'syfsf/ dfq geP/ ;'kl/lrt ;dfnf]rs klg x'g'x'G5 . hLjgsf] nfdf] ;dob]lv k|fWofkg ul//xg'ePsf 8f=dfgj xfn l;xf+lgof ljZjljBfnosf k|fWofks tyf lxGbL ljefusf cWoIf x'g'x'G5 . ;Q/L efiffdf pxfFsf n3'syf k|sflzt eO;s]sf 5g\ . pxfF / pxfFsf l;h{gfdfly PSsfO; hgfn] lkPr8L g} ul/;s]sf 5g\ . xl/of0ffsf 8f=dfgj ljåtf / l;h{gzLntfn] l;ª\uf] ef/tsf] uf}/j aGg'ePsf]] 5 . o:tf k|ltli7t / ;Ddflgt ;flxTosf/sf] n3'syf g]kfnLdf cg'jfb x'g' g]kfnL ;flxTos} nflu pknlAwd"ns x'g]5 .
8f= dfgjsf n3'syfsf] ;dfh, kl/j]z / ;Gbe{ g]kfnsf] eGbf k[ys\ 5}g . ;dfg cg'e"lt / ef]ufOn] ubf{ glhs / xflb{s nfU5g\ . n3'syfdf dfgjLo hLjgsf cg]s kIfnfO{ ptfl/Psf 5g\ . g]kfndf h:t} ufpF3/ 5g\, 3/ kl/jf/ / ;dfh 5g\ . /fhgLltsf lj;ª\ult 5g\ . ;Gtfg;Fu} ;'v 5, k|]d / b'v 5 . ul/aL 5, afWotf 5 . 3[0ff 5, ;xfg'e"lt / ;b\efj 5 . ljZjf; / 3ft 5 . ;+j]bgf 5, xflb{stf 5 / if8\\oGq klg 5 . hLjg bz{g 5 . ulx/f] lrGtg 5 . ljs[ltk|lt Joª\Uo 5 . ;Gb]z 5 . k|:t'ltdf k|of]u 5 . n]vgdf cfk\mgf]kg 5 .
ef/tLo n3'syfsf] n]vg / pGgogdf ljut rf/ bzsb]lv 8f= dfgjsf] cgj/t ;fwgf / ;lqmotf 5 . ;g\ @)!$ sf] …8f=/fdlgjf; dfgjsL k|ltlglw n3'syfPFÚ nfO{ 8f=k'is//fh e§n] cg'jfb u/]/ …3/ kms]{sf kfOnfÚ zLif{sdf k|sflzt ePsf] 5 . 8f= e§ klg g]kfnL n3'syfdf ljBfjfl/lw x'g'x'G5 . o;sf] k|sfzgn] g]kfnL ;flxTodf 8f=dfgj / pxfFsf n3'syf k9\g] cj;/ k|fKt ePsf] 5 . o;af6 g]kfnL kf7sn] ef/tLo n3'syfsf] cWoog ug]{ dfq geP/ ef/tdf n3'syfsf] cj:yfnfO{ /fd|/L a'e\mg kfpg] 5g\ . g]kfnL n3'syf n]vgn] klg d"Nofª\sg ug{ kfpg] ePsf]n] o; k':tssf] ljz]if dxTj /x]sf] 5 . n3'syf If]qsf] nflu cd"No pkxf/ ag]sf] 5. olt dxTjk"0f{ k':tssf n3'syfsf/ 8f=/fdlgjf; dfgj / cg'jfb ug'{x'g] 8f=k'is//fh e§k|lt ljz]if cfef/ tyf z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5' .
>Lcf]d >]i7 …/f]bgÚ -cWoIf_
n3'syf ;dfh, g]kfn
;dLIff n]v
8f= /fdlgjf; dfgjsf n3'syfdf k|ltlalDat hLjg ;f}Gbo{
8f=k'is//fh e§
!= n]vs kl/ro
8f= /fdlgjf; dfgj lxGbLsf ;'k|l;4 n3'syf n]vs Pjd\ ;dfnf]rs x'g\ . pgsf] hGd ;g\ !(%$ gf]e]Da/ * df ef/tsf] xl/of0ff /fHosf] dx]G›u9 lhNnfsf] ltu/fdf d"lt{b]jL Pjd\\ ef/tsf :jtGqtf ;]gfgL dftflbgsf ;'k'qsf ¿kdf ePsf] lyof] . lxGbL ;flxTodf PdP, Pdlkmn, lkPr8L Pjd\ l8ln6\ u/]sf dfgjn] nfdf] ;do k|fWofkg ;]jf u/]sf] kfOG5 . pgn] :gfts Pjd\ :gftsf]Q/ txdf tLg bzs k|fWofkg sfo{ u/]sf 5g\ . 8f= dfgj xfn l;+xflgof ljZjljBfnosf] k|f]km];/ Pjd\ lxGbL ljefusf] cWoIfsf ¿kdf sfo{ ul//x]sf 5g\ . pgsf lxGbL efiffdf k|sflzt n3'syf s[ltdf tfsL ;gb /x] -!(*)_, 3/ nf}6t] sbd -!(*^ / @))$_, Oltxf; ujfx x} -!((^ / @))$_, xf] r'sf km};nf - @))^_ / /fdlgjf; dfgjsf k|ltlglw n3'syfPF -@)!$_ n3'syf s[lt k|sflzt 5g\ . pgsf n3'syf s[lt ef/tsf ljleGg k|fb]lzs efiff k+hfaL, d/f7L Pjd\ ef]hk'/Ldf ;d]t cg'jfb eP/ k|sflzt ePsf] kfOG5 . 8f= dfgjn] clvn ef/tLo n3'syf ;Dd]ngsf cfof]hgf, OG8f]–g]kfn n3'syf ;Dd]ng -@)!* / @)!(_, cGt//fli6«o cgnfOg n3'syf ;Dd]ng -@)@)_ sf] cfof]hgf u/]sf] kfOG5 . dfgjsf] n]vgsf] af/]df ef/tsf ljleGg ljZj ljBfnoaf6 Pd, Pdlkmn, lkPr8L Pjd\\ l8ln6\;Ddsf] cWoog ePsf] kfOG5 . 8f= /fd lgjf; dfgjsf] JolQmTj / s[ltTjdf %) Pdlkmn Pjd\\ @! lkPr8L, Ps l8ln6\ ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ljleGg &) efiffdf pgsf n3'syf k|sflzt 5g\\ . ljleGg kf7\ok':tsdf pgsf /rgf k|sflzt 5g\ . pgn] b]zljb]zaf6 @%) eGbf a9L ;Ddfg k'/:sf/ k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ . pgsf] /fdlgjf; dfgjsL k|ltlglw n3'syfPF s[ltnfO{ g]kfnLdf cg'jfb u/]/ o; s[ltsf] gfd 3/ kms]{sf kfOnf gfds/0f ul/Psf] 5 . o; s[lt k|sfzgsf qmddf s[ltdf cleJoQm ePsf] hLjg ;f}Gbo{sf] kf/v ug]{ k|of; ul/Psf] 5 .
@=3/ kms]{sf kfOnfdf cleJoQm ljifo ;f}Gbo{
8f= dfgjsf n3'syfdf ljljw ljifosf] cleJolQm kfOG5 . pgsf n3'syfdf JolQm hLjgsf cg'e"ltb]lv lnP/ ;fdflhs hLjgsf cg]s ljifo;Gbe{sf] k|:t'lt kfOG5 . pgsf n3'syfdf Psflt/ dfgjLo ;DaGwsf cg]sg kIfsf] lrq0f kfOG5 eg] csf]{lt/ ;fdflhs hLjgsf ljleGg If]qsf lj;ª\ultk|lt cfnf]rgf efj ;d]t kfOG5 . pgsf n3'syf Joª\Uosf b[li6n] ;d]t dxTjk"0f{ /x]sf 5g\ . oxfF 8f= /fdlgjf; dfgjsf n3'syfnfO{ cWoogsf] ;'ljwfsf nflu -s_ kfl/jfl/s hLjgsf n3'syf, -v_ gftf;DaGwsf n3'syf, -u_ cefjhGo cg'e"ltsf n3'syf, -3_ z}lIfs cJo:yfsf n3'syf, -ª_ ;flxTo snf Pjd\ kqsfl/tf;Fu ;DalGwt n3'syf, -r_ Gofosfg'g, zf;gJoj:yf /fhgLlt;Fu ;DalGwt n3'syf -5_ cftª\sjfb / lx+;f;Fu ;DalGwt n3'syf -h_ u|fdL0f / ;x/L ;Eotfsf aLrsf] ;DaGw -em_ dfgjLo ;Dj]bgfsf n3'syf -~f_ dfgjLo k|j[lQsf n3'syf pkzLif{ssf ¿kdf ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 .
@=! Kffl/jfl/s ;DaGwsf n3'syf
8f= /fdlgjf; dfgjsf n3'syfdf kfl/jfl/s ljifo;Gbe{sf] k|:t'lt k|d'v ¿kdf cfPsf] kfOG5 . pgsf n3'syfdf 3/kl/jf/sf ;b:osf cfk;L ;DaGw, kl/jf/sf ;b:oaLrsf] ;DaGwut hl6ntfsf ;fy} efjgfTds k|]d / cg'/fusf] kIf k|an ¿kdf cfPsf] kfOG5 . kfl/jfl/s ;DaGwnfO{ JoQm ug]{ n3'syfdf v]nf}gf, 3/ kms]{sf kfOnf, 8]/fjfn, lahf/f]k0f, lbkfjnLsf] ld7f;, cg'e"lt, >LdtL cyf{t\ gf/L, a'xf/LsL ;f]rfO, uf]nL, sf/0f, bfjf, prfO, kL8faf]w cflb /x]sf 5g\ . oL n3'syfdf kl/jf/leqsf ;b:osf aLrsf ;DaGwnfO{ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . v]nf}gfdf cfly{s nfeeGbf ;Gtfg ;'v dxTjk"0f{ ePsf] ljrf/ JoQm ePsf] 5 . 3/ kms]{sf kfOnfdf ;x/df cfkm\gf] sd OHht ePsf] eg]/ 3/ kms]{sf] afa'sf] dgf]bzfsf] lrq0f 5 . 8]/fjfndf cfhLjg 8]/fdf a;]sf] afa' kfqn] 3/ agfPkl5 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] OR5fdf rNg'kbf{ kL8faf]w u/]sf] 5 . lahf/f]k0fdf a'9];sfndf afa'cfdfnfO{ 5f]/fx?n] cnu–cnu efu nufPsf 5g\ . lbkfjnLsf] ld7f;df cfly{s ¿kdf sdhf]/ /x]sf] h]7f] bfh' pkxf/ sd NofPsf] sf/0f 3/sf ;;fgf efOalxgLsf] pk]Iffsf] l;sf/ ag]sf] 5 . cg'e"ltdf >Ldfg\\>LdtL aLrsf] lzlyn ;DaGwsf] rrf{ 5 . >LdtL cyf{t\ gf/Ldf 3/kl/jf/df c;debf/L a9\b} hfFbf 3/ lau|]sf >Ldfg\\>LdtLsf] rrf{ 5 . a'xf/Lsf] ;f]rfOdf 3/kl/jf/df /x]sf a'xf/Lx¿sf ;f]rfO / lqmofsnfknfO{ k|:t't ug]{ qmddf :jfy{ / Tofusf af/]df cfcfkm\gf b[li6sf]0f k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . uf]nL n3'syfdf kl/jf/af6 pk]lIft kfqsf] dgf]bzf lrq0f ul/Psf] 5 . sf/0f n3'syfdf k'ln; yfgf glhs 3/ ePsf]n] 5f]/Lsf] ljjfx To; 3/df gu/fpg] afa' kfqsf] lqmofsnfk k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . k'ln; yfgf /x]sf] 7fpFdf 5f]/Lsf] OHht g/xg] lgisif{sf ;fy pgn] o; lsl;dsf] lg0f{o u/]/ kl/jf/hgnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpF5g\ . afa' kfqdf 5f]/Lsf] eljiosf] lrGtf b]lvG5 . bfjf n3'syfdf k|]dljjfx u/]/ efu]sL 5f]/L afa'sf] d[To'kl5 nf]Ug]sf] p:sfx6df nfu]/ bfh'efOdfly ;Dkltsf] bfjf;lxt d'2f ug{ nfu]sf] ;Gbe{ cfPsf] 5 . prfOdf ;+o'Qm kl/jf/nfO{ ljefhg u/fpg vf]Hg] cfkmGtsf] sfo{nfO{ ljkmn u/fOPsf] 5 . kL8faf]wdf Ps h]i7 gful/ssf] 56k6L Pjd\ pbf;LnfO{ JoQm ul/Psf] 5 . o;/L 8f= dfgjsf n3'syfdf kfl/jfl/s hLjgdf b]vfkg]{ ptf/r9fj, JolQm kfqsf dgf]lj1fg, :jfy{ / ;+j]bgfn] pTkGg u/]sf lrGtg / sd{, 3[0ff / k|]dsf cg'e"ltnfO{ efjk/s tl/sfn] JoQm ul/Psf] kfOG5 .
@=@ gftf ;DaGwdf cfwfl/t n3'syf
8f= /fdlgjf; dfgjsf n3'syfdf b'O{ leGg gftf;DaGw;Fu ;DalGwt kfqsf] cfk;L ;DaGw / To; ;DaGwn] lgdf{0f u/]sf] cg'e"lt / ;+j]bgfnfO{ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . pgsf n3'syfsf kfq Psflt/ cfkm\gf lk|ohgsf] ;Demgfdf efjljxjn x'G5g\, k|]dsf cg'e"lt JoQm ub{5g\ / Psk|sf/sf] efj's ;+;f/sf] l;h{gf ub{5g\ . tL kfq efjgf / oyfy{aLrsf] åGådf hLjgsf cg]s ptf/r9fj ef]Ug k'U5g\ . 8f= dfgjsf n3'syfdf d"ntM afa'5f]/fsf ;DaGw, >Ldfg\>LdtLsf ;DaGw, cfdf / ;Gtfgx¿sf] ;DaGw, efOalxgLsf] aLrsf] ;DaGwnfO{ cg]sg sf]0faf6 x]g]{ ul/Psf] 5 .
@=@=! Affa' 5f]/fsf ;DaGwdf cfwfl/t n3'syf
8f= /fdlgjf; dfgjsf n3'syfdf afa'5f]/fsf ;DaGwsf cg]sg cfofdnfO{ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . pgsf o; k|sf/sf n3'syfdf 5f]/fsf] u'gf;f], Oltxf; ;fIfL 5, clUgbfx, b]vfj6L j:t', ;fpgsf n'x?, afa'5f]/f, :6]6;, dfgb08, gkms]{sf /fd, sf/0f, s'G7f cflb /x]sf 5g\ . pgsf n3'syfdf afa'k|lt ;sf/fTds efj /fVg] 5f]/fsf cg'e"ltnfO{ ;zQm ¿kdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . pgsf o; lsl;dsf n3'syfdf ;fpgsf n'x?, afa'5f]/f, gkms]{sf /fd /x]sf 5g\\ . ;fpgsf n'x? df ls;fg lktfsf] :d[ltdf 5f]/fn] ljutsf ofbx¿ k|:t't u/]sf] 5 . p;df afa'k|ltsf] cufw cf:yf kfOG5 . afa'5f]/f n3'syfdf Ps k'qn] cfkm\gf] lktfsf] ofb ub{5 . p;nfO{ cfkm" a"9f] x'Fb} uPsf] cg'e"lt cfkm\gf] 5f]/fnfO{ xf]:6]n 5f]8\g hfg'k/]kl5 dfq yfxf ePsf] 5 . gkms]{sf /fd n3'syfsf] /fd kfq afa'cfdf / ufpFsf] 3/k|lt k|lta4 eP klg >LdtLsf] bafasf sf/0f ToxfF k'Ub}g . p;df afa'cfdf / kl/jf/k|lt >4f eP klg To;df >LdtL afws aGb5] .
8f= /fdlgjf; dfgjsf n3'syfsf 5f]/f kfq afa'sf] pk]Iffsf sf/0f kLl8t aGg k'u]sf 5g\ . pgsf o; lsl;dsf n3'syfdf 5f]/fsf] u'gf;f], dfgb08 /x]sf 5g\ . 5f]/fsf] u'gf;f] n3'syfsf] 5f]/f kfq cfkm" xf]:6ndf a:bf a'jfn] e]6g gcfPsf]df b'MvL 5 . p;df afa'k|lt >4f eP klg afa'n] cfkm"nfO{ sd dfof u/]sf]df lrGtf 5 . dfgb08 n3'syfdf afa' / 5f]/fsf] ;DaGwdf tgfjsf] sf/0f cfly{s kIf aGg k'u]sf] 5 . k9]n]v]sf] 5f]/f ;x/df /x]/ w]/} sdfpFb}5 eGg] e|ddf /x]sf] afa' ha 5f]/fsf] tna u'hf/f rnfpg klg g;Sg] cj:yfdf /x]sf] yfxf kfPkl5 kL8fdf kb{5 . 3/df /x]sf] cgk9 5f]/fn] kl/jf/nfO{ w]/} ;xof]u u/]sf] t/ k9]n]v]sf] 5f]/f ;x/df /x]/ klg s]xL ug{ g;s]sf]df pgL b'lMvt x'G5g\ . o; n3'syfdf 5f]/f kfqdf cfkmgf] afa'k|lt >4f eP klg cfkm\gf] cfly{s cj:yf sdhf]/ eP/ 3/kl/jf/sf nflu ;xof]u ug{ g;Sbfsf] kL8faf]w 5 . afa' / 5f]/fsf] cfk;L k|]d eP klg cfly{s kIfn] pgLx¿df lvGgtf / kL8f pTkGg u/fPsf] 5 .
8f=dfgjsf n3'syfdf /f]huf/ Pjd\ cfly{s ¿kn] ;DkGg ePkl5 cfkm\gf] k[i7e"ld / cfkm\gf cfdfafa' e'Ng] :jfyL{ / cfTds]lGb|t 5f]/f kfqsf ultljlwnfO{ ;d]t s'zntfsf ;fy k|:t't ul/Psf] kfOG5 . pgsf o; lsl;dsf n3'syfdf s'G7f Pjd\ :6]6; /x]sf 5g\\ . s'G7f n3'syfsf] 5f]/f kfq ufpF cfpFbf PSn} cfpF5, >LdtLnfO{ dfOtdf /fV5, l56\6} kmls{G5 / s'g} lsl;dsf] ;xof]u ub}{g . p;sf] o; k|sf/sf] sfo{n] p;df /x]sf] cxª\sf/, afa'cfdf Pjd\\ cfkm\gf] ufpF;dfhk|ltsf] x]nfsf] efjnfO{ k|blz{t ub{5 . :6]6; n3'syfdf afa'n] C0f ltg{sf nflu 5f]/fsf] cf; u/]sf]df 5f]/fn] cg]s axfgf u/]/ ;x/ hfG5 . p;df afa'cfdfk|ltsf] pQ/bfloTjeGbf klg cfkm\gf] :jfy{k/tf a9L b]lvG5 . pgsf n3'syfdf afa'k|lt 3[0ff ug]{ 5f]/f afa'sf] d[To'kl5 3[0ffd'Qm ePsf] cj:yfsf] lrq0f ul/Psf] 5 . pgsf o; k|sf/sf n3'syfdf clUgbfx Pjd\ b]vfj6L j:t' /x]sf 5g\ .clUgbfxdf kl/jf/sf] dfOnf] 5f]/fdf cfkm\gf] afa'k|l5 hLjg sfne/ 3[0ffefj eP klg h]7f] bfh'n] afa'sf] lrtf efOnfO{ lbg nufPkl5 dflxnf]df /x]sf] 3[0ff ;dfKt ePsf] 5 . b]vfj6L j:t' n3'syfdf hLjge/ afa'sf] pk]Iff ug]{ 5f]/fn] afa'sf] d[To'kl5 pgsf] 7"nf] kmf]6f] k|m]ddf /fv]/ ;hfP/ /fv]sf] 5 . o; n3'syfdf p;sf] bf]x/f] rl/qk|lt Joª\Uo ul/Psf] 5 . 8f= dfgjsf n3'syfdf k':tfGt/0fsf /rgf ;d]t ;dfj]z 5g\\ . Oltxf; ;fIfL 5 n3'syfdf afa'sf] :yfg qmdzM 5f]/fn] u|x0f ub}{ hfg] ;Gbe{nfO{ tLg leGgleGg k':tfsf] lqmofsnfksf dfWodaf6 k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
@=@=@ >Ldfg\>LdtLsf ;DaGwdf cfwfl/t n3'syf
8f= /fdlgjf; dfgjsf n3'syfdf >Ldfg\>LdtLsf] ;DaGwsf] ulx/fO / hl6ntfnfO{ JoQm ul/Psf] kfOG5 . pgsf o; k|sf/sf n3'syfdf dlxnfnfO{ ef]s, >LdtLsf] eljio, >LdtL cyf{t\ gf/L, Åbo3ft, csL{ dlxnf, db{sf] s'/f, ;fFrf] klt, 6fn/]G;, Uof/]G6L, klxnf] uf]nL /x]sf 5g\ . 3/kl/jf/df cfkm\gf] ;Ddfghgs l:ylt gePsf sf/0f b'Mv kfPsf dlxnfsf n3'syfdf dlxnfnfO{ ef]s, >LdtLsf] eljio, >LdtL cyf{t\ gf/L Pjd\\ 6fn/]G; /x]sf 5g\ . dlxnfnfO{ ef]s n3'syfdf 3/kl/jf/df dlxnfsf] bogLo cj:yfaf]w ul/Psf] 5 . kl/jf/df ;a}n] vfgf vfPkl5 dlxnfn] vfgf vfg] / ToxfF ar]sf] vfgfdf u'hf/f ug]{kg]{ cj:yf >Ldfg\\>LdtLsf aLrdf ;+jfbsf qmddf JoQm ePsf] 5 . >LdtLsf] eljio n3'syfdf 3/df gf/L kfqsf] hLjg Psgf; /x]sf], 3/sf] sfdbf/sf ¿kdf sfo{ ug'{k/]sf] cj:yfnfO{ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . syfdf >LdtL kfqn] >Ldfg;Fu\ cfkm\gf] u'gf;f] u/]sf] kfOG5 . 6fn/]G; n3'syfdf ;lxbdflysf] bdgdf b'Mv dgfp ug]{ klt kfq >LdtLnfO{ eg] lk6g] sfo{ ub{5 . >LdtLsf nflu pm kL8s kfqsf ¿kdf k|:t't ePsf] 5 . 8f= /fdlgjf; dfgjsf n3'syfdf >LdtL kfqaf6 kLl8t k'?ifsf syfJoyf ;d]t cfPsf 5g\ . pgsf] Åbo3ft n3'syfsL >LdtL kfq ladf/ nf]Ug]nfO{ 5f]8]/ dfOt hfg rfxG5] . nf]Ug]n] cfkm\gf] ladf/Lsf] s'/f u/]kl5 d/] klg x'GYof] eg]/ p;sf] ckdfg ub{5] . o; n3'syfsL >LdtL kfq cfTds]lGb|t, :jfyL{ rl/qsf] ¿kdf b]vf k/]sL 5 . db{sf] s'/f n3'syfsL >LdtL kfq dfof ug]{ nf]Ug] / ;;fgf afnaRrfnfO{ 5f]8]/ kf]On hfG5] .
8f= dfgjsf n3'syfdf >Ldfg\>LdtLsf aLrsf] cfk;L ljZjf; Pjd\ dfofk|]dsf cg'e"ltnfO{ ;d]t k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . pgsf o; lsl;dsf n3'syfdf ;fFrf] klt, Uof/]G6L, klxnf] uf]nL /x]sf 5g\ . ;fFrf] klt n3'syfdf >LdtLn] cfkm\\gf] >Ldfg\n] cfkm";Fu s'g} u'gf;f] gu/]sf]df lrGtf /xGYof] . klt;Fu csf]{ ljjfx ug{ eg]kl5 kltn] Ps yKk8 xfGg' / tTsfn} kltn] 5fltdf nufpg'n] pgsf] zª\sf x6\\b5 . o; n3'syfdf >Ldfg\>LdtLsf aLrsf] ulx/f] k|]d cleJoQm 5 . Uof/]G6Ldf >Ldfg\>LdtLsf aLr cfk;L ;DaGw ;'dw'/ x'gfsf sf/0f pgLx¿sf aLrdf ;d;fdlos d'2fdf ;d]t cfk;L 5nkmn x'g] u/]sf] l:yltnfO{ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . klxnf] uf]nL n3'syfsf] >Ldfg kfqn] cfkm\gL >LdtLnfO{ a]OHht ug]{, anfTsf/ ug]{ dflg;sf] xTof ug{ k'Ug'n] p;df cfkm\gL >LdtLk|ltsf] k|]defj blz{G5 . o;/L g} 8f= dfgjsf] csL{ dlxnf n3'syfdf cfkm\gL >LdtL ;AhL lsGg uPsf] cj:yfdf cs}{ dlxnf 7fg]/ Ps6sn] x]l//x]sf] cj:yf k|:t't ePsf] 5 . o; n3'syfdf >Ldfg kfqdf /x]sf] k/:qLnf]n'ktfnfO{ bzf{pF5 . n3'syfdf gf6sLo df]8 olta]nf cfpF5, ha p;n] k/:qL 7flgPsL dlxnf cfkm\g} >LdtL ePsf] yfxf kfpF5 .
@=@=# cfdf / 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] ;DaGwdf cfwfl/t n3'syf
8f=/fdlgjf; dfgjsf n3'syfdf cfdf / 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] aLrsf] ;DaGwnfO{ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . pgsf] cfdfsf] cy{ n3'syfdf Ps sfdsfhL dlxnfn] cfkm\gf] ;Gtfgsf] s;/L Vofn /fVbl5g\ eGg] s'/fnfO{ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . o; n3'syfdf ;Gtfgsf nflu afa'eGbf cfdfn] a9L lrGtf lng] u/]sf] k|;ªu\ cfPsf] 5 . ;a}sL cfdf n3'syfdf /x]sL cfdfn] cfkm\gf 5f]/f5f]/L dfq geP/ l5d]ssf] ljkGg kl/jf/sf s]6fs]6Lsf] ;d]t x]/rfx ug]{ / pgLx¿nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ u/]sf] cj:yfaf]w ul/Psf] 5 . ul/asL cfdf n3'syfsL cfdfn] 5f]/fn] a'9];sfndf cfdfsf] :jf:Yosf] Vofn /fVb5 eGg] cfsfª\\Iff /fVb5] . cfly{s cefjsf sf/0f cfdfsf] pkrf/ ug{ g;Sg] cj:yfdf 5f]/f kfqn] cfdfnfO{ ljif lbG5 . o; n3'syfdf cfdf / 5f]/fsf aLrdf cfk;L ;DaGwdf s'g} vfn] g/fd|f] kIf geP klg cfly{s cefjsf sf/0f pTkGg ljjztfsf sf/0f 5f]/fn] cfkm\g} cfdfnfO{ ljif lbg] sfo{ ub{5 . 8f= dfgjsf n3'syfdf Psflt/ k|]d / jfT;Noefj kfOG5 eg] csf]{lt/ cfly{s ljjztfsf sf/0f pTkGg ck/flws sd{ ;d]t k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
@=@=$ efOalxgLsf ;DaGwdf cfwfl/t n3'syf
8f= /fdlgjf; dfgjsf n3'syfdf efOalxgLsf] ;DaGwdf cfwfl/t ljifoj:t'sf] k|:t'lt kfOG5 . pgsf o; lsl;dsf n3'syfdf hnwf/fsf ;fd'Gg], gkms]{sf /fd, bLkfjnLsf] ld7f;, clUgbfx, kf]i6sf8{ /x]sf 5g\ . hnwf/fsf ;fd'Gg] n3'syfdf afndgf]lj1fgsf] k|:t'lt kfOG5 . afa'n] cfkm"nfO{ eGbf efOsf] x]/rfx u/]sf]df 5f]/Ln] cfkm" ladf/ ePsf a]nf u'gf;f] u/]sL 5 . gkms]{sf /fd n3'syfdf kl/jf/sf] h]7f] 5f]/fn] cfkm" bLkfjnLdf 3/ hfg] / 3/df cfdfa'jf, efOalxgL nufot kl/jf/hgsf] nflu n'ufkmf6fsf] Joj:yf ug]{ rfxgf /fv]sf]df >LdtLsf] bafadf k/]/ 3/ hfg kfpFb}g . o; n3'syfsf] /fd kfqdf cfdfa'jf Pjd\ 5f]/f5f]/L kfqk|lt c;n efjgf eP klg >LdtLsf] bafadf k/]/ p;sf] rfxgf k"/f x'Fb}g . bLkfjnLsf] ld7f; n3'syfdf bLkfjnLsf] a]nf 3/ cfPsf b'O{ bfh'n] NofPsf] pkxf/sf cfwf/df afnaflnsfn] t'ngf ubf{ pTkGg s6' cg'e"ltnfO{ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . h]7f] bfh'eGbf dflxnf] bfh'n] w]/} pkxf/ Nofpg', s]6fs]6Ln] dflxnf]sf] k|z+;f ug'{ / h]7f] bfh'sf] sdfO sdhf]/ ePsf] s'/f ug'{, h]7f] bfh'nfO{ kL8faf]w x'g' o; n3'syfsf k|d'v 36gf x'g\ . n3'syfdf caf]w afnaflnsfn] ;fdfGo lx;fan] t'ngf u/] klg h]7f] bfh'sf] cj:yf sdhf]/ ePsf sf/0f p;df pTkGg UnfgLefj o; n3'syfsf] d"nefj xf] . clUgbfx n3'syfsf] bfh' kfqn] cfkm\gf] efOdf a'jfk|lt /x]sf] 3[0ffefjnfO{ d]6fpg afa'sf] lrtfdf clUg lbg nufPsf] 5 . bfh' kfqn] Ps c;n bfh'sf] / c;n 5f]/fsf] e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf] 5 . 8f=dfgjsf n3'syfdf lbbLefOsf] ;DaGwnfO{ ;d]t JoQm ul/Psf] 5 . kf]i6sf8{ n3'syfdf lbbLsf] cj:yf sdhf]/ ePsf] yfxf kfPsf] efOn] lbbLnfO{ ;xof]u ug'{sf] abnf cfkm" ts]{/ efu]sf] 5 . o; n3'syfdf /x]sf] efO kfqsf] e"ldsf ;xof]uLeGbf klg d"sbz{s b]lvPsf] 5 .
@=# cefjhGo cg'e"ltsf n3'syf
8f=/fdlgjf; dfgjsf n3'syfdf cfly{s cefj / To; cefjn] pTkGg cg'e"ltnfO{ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . pgsf o; lsl;dsf n3'syfdf :6]6;, 8]/fjfn, ljjfxsf] ;u'g, d'lQm, s]aL;L s]aL;L, ;'gsf] r}g, x}l;ot /x]sf 5g\ . :6]6\; n3'syfdf Ps ul/a kl/jf/sf] o'js hfuL/ kfP/ ;x/ hfG5 . pm labfdf 3/ cfPsf] a]nf a"9f] afa'n] C0fsf s'/f ubf{ pm cg]sg axfgf agfP/ klG5G5 . n3'syfdf p;sf] :jfyL{ rl/qsf sf/0f p;sf] afa' kL8fdf k/]sf] 5 . 8]/fjfn n3'syfsf] afa' kfq hLjge/ 8]/fdf a:b5 . ha p;n] cfkm\gf] 3/ agfP/ a:5, Tolta]nf klg p;nfO{ p;sf 5f]/f5f]/Ln] cg]s pkb]z lbFbf p;nfO{ cfkm" cfhLjg 8]/fdf a;]sf] h:tf] cg'e"lt x'G5 . ljjfxsf] ;u'g n3'syfdf s'g} ;DkGg kl/jf/sf] ljjfxdf Ps u/La dflg; cfpFbf p;nfO{ cg]s tl/sfn] ckdflgt ug]{ sfo{ ul/G5 . ha p;sL >LdtLn] ljjfxsf] ;ug' k7fPsf] s'/f ul/G5, Tolta]nf dfq pk|ltsf] b[li6sf]0f kl/jt{g x'G5 . d'lQm n3'syfdf /fhgLlts ¥ofnLdf hfFbf dhb'/sf] /f]hL/f]6L vf]l;g] ePsf]n] ¥ofnLdf hfg grfx]sf] ljrf/ JoQm ePsf] 5 . s]aL;L–s]aL;L n3'syfdf cldtfe aRrgsf] 6]lnlehg ;f]df xflh/Lhafkm lhTg] dflg;sf] k|;ª\u cfPsf] 5 . o; n3'syfdf ul/aLsf sf/0f dflg;sf] pGglt x'g g;s]sf] ljrf/ JoQm ePsf] 5 . o; n3'syfdf ul/asf nflu ;DkGgtf Ps d[ut[i0ff dfq efj cfPsf] 5 . x}l;ot n3'syfdf Ps ul/a dhb'/n] cfkm\gf] dflnsnfO{ k};f /fVg lbPsf] / 5f]/Lsf] ljjfxsf] a]nf dfu]sf] 5 . dflnsn] cfkm\gf] ;fyL;Fusf] s'/fsfgLdf dhb'/nfO{ cfkm"n] k};f lbPsf] efjdf s'/f u/]sf] 5 . n3'syfdf dhb'/ kfqsf] clt ljZjf;sf] abnfdf dflgsn] If'b|tf k|:t't u/]sf] 5 . p;n] dhb'/sf] cl3 Ps s'/f / ;fyLsf] cl3 Ps s'/f u/]/ cfkm\gf] bf]x/f] rl/q b]vfPsf] 5 . ;'gsf] r}gdf Ps ljkGg r}g laq]mtfsf] cefjhGo cg'e"ltnfO{ :j/ k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 .
@=$ z}lIfs cJoj:yfsf n3'syf
8f= /fdlgjf; dfgjsf n3'syfdf lzIff If]q;Fu ;DalGwt ljifoj:t'sf] k|:t'lt kfOG5 . pgsf o; k|sf/sf n3'syfdf df]rf{aGbL, lg0f{o, r]tfjgL /x]sf 5g\ . oL n3'syfdf z}lIfs If]qdf ljBdfg c/fhstf Pjd\\ cJoj:yfnfO{ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . df]rf{aGbL n3'syfdf Ps of]Uo k|fWofksnfO{ sdhf]/ kfg{ pgLeGbf l;lgo/ k|fWofks s;/L if8\oGq ub{5g\ eGg] ljifonfO{ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . o; n3'syfdf :jfledfgL k|fWofkssf lj?4 km6fxfx¿sf] u7aGwgnfO{ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . lg0f{o n3'syfdf Ps of]Uo k|fWofkssf lj?4 s[ltd cf/f]k nufP/ sdhf]/ kfg]{ / ;fd"lxs if8\oGqnfO{ kfl/t u/fpg] sfo{ ePsf] 5 . r]tfjgL n3'syfdf klg cfkm" zlQmzfnL kb cyf{t\ k|frfo{sf] s';L{df k'u]kl5 l;lgo/ k|fWofksn] gofF k||fWofksnfO{ ckdflgt ug]{ / r]tfjgL lbg] sfo{ u/]sf 5g\ . 8f= dfgj cfkm" :jo+ klg k|fWofkg ;]jfdf nfdf] ;do /x]sfn] pgn] o; lsl;dsf if8oGqd"ns sfo{nfO{ x]g]{ Pjd\ a'em\g] df}sf kfPsf x'g\ . pgsf n3'syfdf z}lIfs If]qdf x'g] u/]sf unt lrGtg Pjd\ k|j[lQsf] cfnf]rgf kfOG5 .
@=% ;flxTo, snf Pjd\ kqsfl/tf;Fu ;DalGwt n3'syf
8f= /fdlgjf; dfgjsf n3'syfdf ;flxTo, snf Pjd\ kqsfl/tfnfO{ klg ljifo;Gbe{sf ¿kdf k|:t't ul/Psf] kfOG5 . pgsf k|yd k|lt, 5gf}6 k|lqmof, dfg–ckdfg n3'syfdf ;flxTo–snf;Fu ;DalGwt ljifosf] k||:t'lt kfOG5 . k|yd k|lt n3'syfdf cfkm\gf] klxnf] k':ts cleGg ldqnfO{ pkxf/ lbPsf]df s'g} ;flxTok|]dLn] To;nfO{ km"6kfysf] saf8L k;naf6 lsg]/ x'nfsaf6 k7fpF5 . n3'syfdf ;flxTosf] ckdfg ug]{ JolQmnfO{ k':ts pkxf/ lbg gx'g] ljrf/ JoQm ePsf] 5 . 5gf}6 k|lqmof n3'syfdf k'/:sf/sf] cfbfgk|bfgsf nflu ePsf] /f]rs ;+jfb 5 . o; n3'syfdf ;flxlTos ljs[ltk|ltsf] Joª\Uoefj cfPsf] 5 . dfg–ckdfg n3'syfdf ;fj{hlgs cleGbg ul/Psf /ª\usdL{nfO{ cfof]hs ;+:yfsf cWoIfn] sfo{qmddf ePsf] vr{sf] lan k7fPsf 5g\ . n3'syfdf /ª\usdL{n] cfkm\gf] dfgeGbf ckdfg ePsf] 7fGg'n] pgdf kl5Nnf] ;dodf :jfledfg hfu]sf] cj:yfaf]w ePsf] 5 . 8f= dfgjsf gSsnL PgsfpG6/, ;Gbe{ M uf]nLsfG8 n3'syfdf kqsfl/tf If]qsf ljs[ltsf] rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 . gSsnL PgsfpG6/ n3'syfdf Ps 36gf ljz]if;Fu ;DalGwt n]vsLo ljrf/ cfPsf] 5 . o; n3'syfdf ;dfhdf 36g] 36gfsf] ;To;Dd gk'u]/ clt/l~ht ug]{ sfo{sf] cfnf]rgf 5 . ;Gbe{ uf]nLsfG8df /S;Ldf las]/ ;dfhnfO{ unt lsl;dn] ;"rgf lbg] kqsf/sf] sfo{sf] cfnf]rgf kfOG5 .
@=^ /fhgLlt, zf;g Joj:yf Pjd\ Gofo–sfg'g;Fu ;DalGwt n3'syf
8f= /fdlgjf; dfgjsf n3'syfdf ef/tLo /fhgLlt, zf;g Joj:yfsf ;fy} Gofosfg'g;Fu ;DalGwt ljifo;Gbe{sf] k|:t'lt kfOG5 . pgsf o; lsl;dsf n3'syfdf gSsnL PgsfpG6/, ho >L/fd, l6s6sf] cfwf/, Joj:yf, Uof/]G6L, d'lQm, k}m;nf eO;Sof] /x]sf 5g\ . pgsf] gSsnL PgsfpG6/ n3'syfdf Ps kfqsf] PGsfpG6/kl5 b]lvPsf] /fhgLlt / To;;Fu ;DalGwt /x]/ ljleGg kIfw/tfsf ;fy} n]vssf] cfkm\gf] kIfw/tf cfPsf] 5 . ho >L/fd n3'syfdf /fd dlGb/ aGg'kg]{ n]vsLo cledtsf ;fy} /fhgLlts g]tfsf] bf]x/f] rl/qsf] rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 . l6s6sf] cfwf/ n3'syfdf ef/tLo /fhgLltdf /x]sf] gftfjfb, s[kfjfb Pjd\ rfs/Ljfbk|ltsf] cfnf]rgf JoQm ePsf] 5 . Joj:yf n3'syfdf e|i6 / lgsDdf /fhgLlts k|0ffnLsf sf/0f ck/fwLs/0f a9]sf] / ck/fwLn] ;+/If0f kfPsf] oyfy{sf] k|:t'lt 5 . Uof/]G6L n3'syfdf ;/sf/L sfg'gsf] ckl/kSjtf / To;sf] sfof{Gjogk|lt lrGtf JoQm ePsf] 5 . d'lQm n3'syfdf dhb'/sf nflu ¥ofnL / gf/fh'n';eGbf p;sf] sfd k|d'v ePsf] ljrf/ cfPsf] 5 . pgsf n3'syfdf Gofosfg'g If]qsf v/faLsf] ;d]t lrq0f kfOG5 . km};nf eO;Sof] n3'syfdf Gofo ug]{ 7fFpdf v/fa rl/qsf dflg; ePsf]n] Gofo kfpg] cfzf x/fPsf] ;Gb]z k|jfx ePsf] 5 . 8f= /fdlgjf; dfgjsf n3'syfdf /fhgLlts ljs[ltsf] cfnf]rgf, zf;g Joj:yfsf ;Ldf / sdhf]/Lsf] cfnf]rgfsf ;fy} Gofosfg'gsf] kfngfdf b]lvPsf sdhf]/Lsf] cfnf]rgf kfOG5 .
@=& cftª\\sjfb Pjd\ lx+;f;Fu ;DalGwt n3'syf
8f= /fdlgjf; dfgjsf n3'syfdf cftª\\sjfb Pjd\ lx+;f;Fu ;DalGwt ljifoj:t'sf] k|:t'lt kfOG5 . pgsf cftª\\sjfbL, sflkm/, zflGtsf] åLk n3'syfdf cftª\\s / lx+;f;Fu ;DalGwt ljifosf] k|:t'lt kfOG5 . cftª\sjfbL n3'syfdf cftª\sjfbLsf] cftª\saf6 aRg unt ;dfrf/ k|jfx ePsf] 5 . n3'syfdf cftªsjfbLaf6 aRg hgtfn] ;fd"lxs k|ltsf/ u/]sf] l:ylt k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . sflkm/ n3'syfdf wd{sf gfddf cftª\sjfb km}nfpg] kfqx¿sf] cfnf]rgf ul/Psf] 5 . zflGtsf] åLk n3'syfdf ;x/e/ b+uf km}lnP klg b+ufafhsf] glhssf a:tLdf s'g} c;/ gk/]sf] cj:yfaf]w ePsf] 5 . n3'syfdf bª\ufafhk|ltsf] qf; / bª\ufafhn] cfkm\gf] l5d]sL a:tLk|lt b]vfPsf] ;xfg'e"ltnfO{ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . n3'syfdf qf; / ;xfg'e"lt h:tf leGgleGg cg'e"ltnfO{ k|:t't ul/Psf] kfOG5 .
@=* u|fdL0f / gu/ ;Eotfn] kf/]sf] k|efj
8f= /fdlgjf; dfgjsf n3'syfdf u|fdL0f hLjg / ;Eotfk|ltsf] cg'/fu Pjd\ gu/ ;Eotfk|ltsf] ljdf]x k|:t't ePsf] 5 . pgsf o; lsl;dsf n3'syfdf s'G7f, h/f sfl6Psf] ?v, bf}8, 3/ kms]{sf kfOnf /x]sf 5g\ . s'G7f n3'syfdf cfkm\gf] nflu hLjg nufpg] cfdfa'jfsf] a]jf:tf ug]{ / ;x/L >LdtLsf] jl/kl/ gfRg] 5f]/f kfqsf] :jfyL{, dtnak/:t lqmofsnfksf] rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 . n3'syfdf ufpF Tofu / cfTdLotfsf] efj af]s]sf] 5 eg] ;x/n] :jfy{, dxTjfsf+Iff / cx+sf/ af]s]sf] 5 . afa' ufpFsf] k|ltssf ¿kdf /x]sf]] 5 eg] 5f]/f ;x/sf] k|ltssf ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 . h/f sfl6Psf] ?vdf cfkm\gf] ufpFdf /x]sf] k'Vof}{nL ;Dkltk|lt cTolws df]x /fVg] kfqnfO{ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . n3'syfdf ufpF cfkm\gf] k[i7e"ld ePsf]n] To;nfO{ e"Ng g;lsg] ljrf/ cfPsf] 5 . bf}8 n3'syfdf ufpFsf] Ps dflg; ;x/ cfP/ cNdlnPsf] k|;+u cfPsf] 5 . n3'syfdf ufpF / dxfgu/aLrsf] cGt/nfO{ b]vfOPsf] 5 . n3'syfdf k|ultsf] bf}8df dxfgu/n] ufpFnfO{ e'n]sf] k|;ª\u cfPsf] 5 . 3/ kms]{sf kfOnf n3'syfdf ;x/df ePsf] 5f]/fnfO{ e]6\g uPsf] afa' kfq s]xL lbgd} ufpF kmls{G5 . ;x/df ePsf] Jo:ttf, bf}8w'kk"j{ hLjgsf sf/0f ;x/df cfkm\gf] s'g} dfg gePsf] 7fg]/ pm ufjF kmls{G5 . n3'syfdf u|fdL0f hLjgk|ltsf] df]x Pjd\ gu/ ;Eotfdf ps';d's'; x'g k'u]sf] kfqsf] hLjg cg'e"ltnfO{ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
@=( dfgjLo ;+j]bgfsf n3'syf
8f= /fdlgjf; dfgjsf n3'syfdf dfgjLo ;+j]bgfsf] cleJolQm kfOG5 . pgsf o; lsl;dsf n3'syfdf ;a}sL cfdf, afa'5f]/f, db{sf s'/f, s]aL;L–s]aL;L, ;+j]bgxLgtf, kL8faf]w, r]tfjgL /x]sf 5g\ . pgsf] ;a}sL cfdf n3'syfdf l5d]sLsf] d[To'kl5 p;sf 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] nflu cfly{s ;xof]u ug]{ gf/L kfqsf] pbf/ rl/qnfO{ k|:t't ulPsf] 5 .afa'5f]/f n3'syfdf cfkm\gf] a'jfsf] Tofuk|lt s[t1 k'q pgsf] ;Demgfdf efj's aGb5 . db{sf s'/f n3'syfdf >LdtLn] 5f]8]/ uPkl5 gfafns 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] x]/rfxdf cfkm\gf] dxTjk"0f{ phf{ vr{ ug]{ dhb'/ a'jfsf] ;dk{0fnfO{ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . s]aL;L–s]aL;L n3'syfdf Ps ul/a dflg;nfO{ cfsl:ds wg k|flKt x'g' / p;sf] hLjg ;'vdo x'g' Ps kl/sNkgf dfq ePsf] ljrf/ JoQm ePsf] 5 . o; n3'syfdf ljkGg gful/ssf] hLjgk|ltsf] ;+j]bgf k|s6 ul/Psf] 5 . ;Dj]bgxLgtf n3'syfdf dflg;df ;+j]bgf x/fPsf] / dflg; oGqdfgj ePsf]df lrGtf JoQm ul/Psf] 5 . kL8faf]w n3'syfdf h]i7 gful/ssf] PSnf]kgf / z"Gotfk|lt ;+j]bgfefj JoQm ePsf] 5 . r]tfjgL n3'syfdf ckx/0fdf k/]sf] Ps dflg;sf] csf]{ ckx/0fdf k/]sf] dflg;k|ltsf] Tofu / ;dk{0fsf] efjgfsf sf/0f ckx/0fstf{ klg ;+j]lbt eP/ p;nfO{ 5f]l8lbG5 . o;/L 8f=/fdlgjf; dfgjsf n3'syfdf dfgjLo ;+j]bgfsf] efj's cleJolQm kfOG5 . pgsf n3'syfdf dfgjtfjfbL lrGtgsf] k|efj kfOG5 .
@=!) JolQm kfqsf k|j[lQsf n3'syf
8f= /fdlgjf; dfgjsf n3'syfdf JolQm kfqsf k|j[lQsf] rrf{ ul/Psf] kfOG5 . pgsf o; lsl;dsf /rgfdf ;Ddfg, tGb'/L lrsg, ;k{, cfuf], rnlrq, 5t /x]sf 5g\ . ;Ddfg n3'syfdf Psflt/ ;Ddfg kfpg rfs/L ug]{ t/ w]/} dflg;sf aLrdf uP/ abVjfOF ug]{ JolQm kfqsf] cj:yfaf]w ul/Psf] 5 . tGb'/L lrsg n3'syfdf Ps of}g Joj;foL dlxnf;Fu ;DaGw /fVg d;fh ;]G6/ k'Ug] wgf9\o dflg;sf] ultljlwsf] rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 . ;k{ n3'syfdf ;k{ dfg{ eg]/ uPsf JolQm cfkm}df emu8f u/]/ 3fOt] x'G5g\ . pgLx¿df ;k{eGbf ljiffn'kgf kfOG5 . cfuf] n3'syfsf] kfq k/kL8s b]lvG5 . pm csf{sf] 3/ hln/x]sf] x]l//xG5 t/ ha cfkm\\gf] 3/ hN5, pm s]xL ug{ ;Sb}g . rnlrq n3'syfdf JolQm kfqsf] PsfsLkg / vf]vnfkgnfO{ af]w ul/Psf] 5 . 5t n3'syfdf cdfgj]Q/ kfqsf] k|of]u 5 . 3/sf 5t, lbjf/nfO{ kfq agfOPsf] 5 . o; n3'syfdf cfkm\gf] cf>obftfnfO{ e'Ng] k|j[lQsf sf/0f b'Mv kfpg] l:yltaf]w ul/Psf] 5 .
#= 8f=dfgjsf n3'syfdf k|:t't kl/j]z Pjd\ kfqljwfg
8f= /fdlgjf; dfgjsf n3'syfdf u|fdL0f, ;x/L Pjd\ dxfgu/sf] hLjg, ;dfh / ;+:s[ltsf] k|:t'lt kfOG5 . pgsf clwsf+z /rgf ef/tLo u|fdL0f hLjg;Fu ;DalGwt 5g\ . pgsf u|fdL0f hLjg;Fu ;DalGwt n3'syfdf 5f]/fsf] u'gf;f], :6]6;, s'G7f, dfgb+8, gkmls{Psf] /fd, hLjg/]vf, clUgbfx, k|bz{gLsf] j:t', afa' 5f]/f, ;fpgsf] n', bfjf, h/f sfl6Psf] ?v, cfdfsf] dtna, u/LasL cfdf, >LdtLsf] eljio, prfO, x}l;ot, cfuf] cflb x'g\ . To:t} ;x/L kl/j]zsf] af/]df n]lvPsf n3'syfdf :6]6;, gkms]{sf /fd, s'G7f, dfgb+8, hfgdfnsf] d"No, ;+j]bgxLgtf, Ps csf]{ cledGo", ;Gbe{ M uf]nLsfG8 x'g\ . dxfgu/Lo ;Eotf;Fu ;DalGwt n3'syfdf 3/ kms]{sf kfOnf, bf}8, dxfgu/ cflb x'g\ . pgsf n3'syfdf ljleGg sfo{:yn Pjd\ ;fj{hlgs :yfg klg kl/j]zsf] ¿kdf cfPsf 5g\\ . h:t} nf; n3'syfdf nf;3/sf] kl/j]z 5 . pgsf n3'syfdf k|Tofqmd0fdf sfof{nosf], df]rf{aGbL, lg0f{o, r]tfjgLdf SofDk;sf], km};nf eO;Sof], xTofdf cbfntsf], dfg– ckdfgdf ;ef:ynsf], r]tfjgLdf c1ft :ynsf], l6s6sf] cfwf/df /fhgLlts kf6L{ sfof{nosf], tGb'/L lrsgdf d;fh ;]G6/sf], ;k{df ;8ssf], d'lQmdf sf/vfgfsf], ;'gsf] r}gdf a; :6ksf], eujfgdf dlGb/sf] kl/j]z lrq0f ul/Psf] 5 .
8f= dfgjsf n3'syfdf rl/q lrq0fsf qmddf tLg k':tf;Fu ;DalGwt kfqsf] j0f{g ul/Psf] 5 . pgsf v]nf}gf, hnwf/fsf ;fd'Gg], Oltxf; ujfx 5, lbkfjnLsf] ld7f;, db{sf s'/f, s]aL;L–s]aL;L n3'syfdf afn kfqsf] pkl:ylt kfOG5 . pgsf n3'syfsf clwsf+z kfq lszf]/ Pjd\ o'jf /x]sf 5g\ . pgsf o'jf Pjd\ lszf]/ kfqsf] pkl:ylt ePsf kfqdf hnwf/fsf ;fd'Gg], 5f]/fsf] u'gf;f], :6]6;, dfgb+8, 3/ kms]{sf kfOnf, Oltxf; ujfx 5, 8]/fjfn, gkms]{sf /fd, bLkfjnLsf] /fd, hLjg/]vf, clUgbfx, k|bz{gLsf] j:t', ;fpgsf] n', bfjf, h/f sfl6Psf] ?v, 6fn/]G;, dlxnfnfO{ ef]s, kTgL cyf{t\ gf/L, Xbo3ft, ;fFrf] >Ldfg\, prfO, db{sf s'/f, kL8faf]w, ljjfxsf] ;u'g, cfkm\gf] dfG5], sf/0f, tGb'/L lrsg, df]rf{aGbL, lg0f{o, Uof/]G6L cflb /x]sf 5g\\ . To;/L g} jo:s Pjd\ j[4 kfqsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf n3'syfdf 5f]/fsf] u'gf;f], :6]6;, dfgb+8, 8]/fjfn, hLjg/]vf, clUgbfx, cfdfsf] cy{, cg'e"lt, a'xf/Lsf] a'l4, uf]nL, kL8faf]w, x}l;ot, cfkm\gf] dfG5], df]rf{aGbL, lg0f{o, sf/0f, tGb'/L lrsg x'g\ .
8f= /fdlgjf; dfgjsf n3'syfdf kfqx¿sf] cfly{s :t/sf cfwf/df lgDg, dWod Pjd\ pRrjuL{o kfq / ltgsf] hLjgbzfsf] j0f{g ul/Psf] kfOG5 . pgsf s'G7f, bLkfjnLsf] ld7f;, u/LasL cfdf, ;a}sL cfdf, kf]:6sf8{, ljjfxsf] ;u'g, Hofgdfnsf] d"No, x}l;ot, nf;, tGb'/L lrsg, bf}8, nfnl6g, d'lQm /x]sf 5g\ . dWodjuL{o kfq / hLjg k|:t't ul/Psf n3'syfdf v]nf}gf, hnwf/fsf ;fd'Gg], :6]6;, s'G7f, dfgb+8, 3/ kms]{sf kfOnf, Oltxf; ujfx 5, hLjg/]vf, bfjf, ;a}sL cfdf, ;fFrf] >Ldfg\ cflb x'g\ . To:t} pRr Pjd\ ;De|fGt ju{sf kfqsf] hLjg k|:t't ul/Psf n3'syfdf ljjfxsf] ;u'g, Hofgdfnsf] d"No, x}l;ot, tGb'/L lrsg, bf}8 cflb /x]sf 5g\ . 8f= dfgjsf n3'syfdf ljleGg k];f Joj;fo;Fu ;DalGwt kfqsf] lrq0f ul/Psf] kfOG5 . 8f= dfgjsf s'G7f, :6]6;, 3/ kms]{sf kfOnf, clUgbfx, ;fpgsf] n' n3'syfdf ls;fg kfqsf] pkl:ylt kfOG5 . Hofgdfnsf] d"Nodf OlGhlgo/, df]rf{aGbL, lg0f{o, r]tfjgLdf k|fWofks, ho >L/fd, l6s6sf] cfwf/df /fhgLltsdL{, nf;df rf}lsbf/, x}l;otdf Jofkf/L, km};nf eO;Sof], xTof, gSsnL PgsfpG6/df GofosdL{, gSsnL PgsfpG6/df k|x/L, sf/vfgf, nfnl6gdf dhb'/, eujfgdf k'hf/L kfqsf] lrq0f ul/Psf] kfOG5 . pgsf ;+j]bgxLgtf n3'syfdf kqsf/, rog k|lqmof, ;Ddfg, dfg–ckdfg, k|yd k|lt n3'syfdf n]vs, snfsf/ kfqsf] pkl:ylt kfOG5 . 8f=dfgjsf n3'syfdf ljleGg pd]/sf, ljleGg k];f Joj;fosf, ljleGg cfly{s :t/sf kfqsf] lrq0f ul/Psf] kfOG5 . pgsf n3'syfdf pd]/ut cfwf/df o'jf kfqsf] clwstf 5 . k];fut cfwf/df ls;fg kfqsf] pkl:ylt 5 . pgL cfkm\\gf n3'syfdf ef/tLo hLjgsf ljleGg kIfsf] lrq0f ug{df ;kmn /x]sf 5g\ .
$= 8f=dfgjsf n3'syfsf] n]vg z}nL Pjd\\ n3'syfdf cleJoQm ;Gb]z
8f= /fdlgjf; dfgjsf n3'syfdf ljleGg n]vg z}nLsf] k|of]u kfOG5 . pgsf ;fpgsf] n', cg'e"lt n3'syfdf j0f{gfTds, Joj:yf, cfuf] n3'syfdf ljj/0ffTds, ;Ddfg, aLhf/f]k0f, cfdfsf] cy{, prfO, df]rf{aGbL n3'syfdf ;DjfbfTds, bftf, dlxnfnfO{ ef]s, >LdtLsf] eljio, Åbo3ft, rog k||lqmof, sflkm/ n3'syfdf kq z}nL, nf;, ;Dj]bgfxLg, dfg–ckdfgdf ;dfrf/ z}nL, cfkm\gf] dfG5] n3'syfdf b}lgsL z}nLsf] k|of]u kfOG5 . 8f= /fdlgjf; dfgj ljleGg n]vg z}nLsf dfWodaf6 n3'syf k|:t't ug]{ k|of]ujfbL n]vssf ¿kdf ;d]t kl/lrt 5g\ . 8f= /fdlgjf; dfgjsf n3'syfdf ljleGg lsl;dsf] ;Gb]z JoQm ePsf] kfOG5 . pgsf ho >L/fd, sf/0f, Joj:yf, ;k{, cfuf], bf}8, d'lQm, Uof/]G6L, nfnl6g, ;'gsf] r}g, s]aL;L s]aL;L, eujfg\, eljiosf] 8/, hnwf/fsf ;fd'Gg], k|yd k|ltdf Joª\UofTds r]tgf kfOG5 . 8f= dfgjsf] n3'syf v]nf}gf, 5f]/fsf] u'gf;f], clUgbfx, ;fpgsf] n', ;a}sL cfdf, cfdfsf] cy{, ;+j]bgxLgtf, sflkm/, h/f sfl6Psf] ?v, cg'e"lt, >LdtLsf] eljio, l6s6sf] cfwf/df dfgjLo ;+j]bgfsf] efj kfOG5 . a'xf/Lsf] a'l4, prfO, kf]i6sf8{, ljjfxsf] ;u'g, rog k|lqmof, ;Ddfg, dfg ckdfg, ho >L/fd, bf];|f] dlxnf, ;Gbe{ M uf]nLsfG8, tGb'/L lrsg n3'syfdf ;fdflhs l:yltsf] k|:t'lt Pjd\\ ljs[lt–lj;ª\ultsf] lrq0f kfOG5 . pgsf] :6]6;, 3/ kms]{sf kfOnf, 8]/f, clUgbfx, bfjf, 6fn/]G;, ljjfxsf] ;u'g, Ps csf]{ cledGo", k||Tofqmd0f, df]rf{aGbL, lg0f{o, r]tfjgL, ul/asL cfdf, cfkm\\gf] dfG5] n3'syfdf ;fdflhs åGå kfOG5 . o;/L g} pkxf/, ;fFrf] >Ldfg\, db{sf] s'/f, hnwf/fsf ;fd'Gg] n3'syfdf k|]defj kfOG5 . pgsf] km};nf e};Sof], xTof, gSsnL PgsfpG6/, klxnf] uf]nL, cftª\sjfbL, Joj:yf n3'syfdf ljb|f]xL r]tgf kfOG5 . pgsf] :d[ltk/s n3'syfdf ;fpgsf] n', afa' 5f]/f x'g\ .
%= lgisif
8f= /fdlgjf; dfgj lxGbLsf Ps ;'k|l;4 n3'syfsf/ x'g\ . pgn] cfk\gf] n]vg ofqfdf rf/ bzs nfdf] n3'syf n]vgsf] cg'ej ;+ufn]sf] kfOG5 . of] s[lt pgsf] rf/ bzs nfdf] n3'syf n]vgsf] ;du| of]ukmn xf] . o; s[ltdf dfgjLo hLjgsf cg]sg ljrf/ Pjd\ z}nLut ;f}Gbo{sf] k|:t'lt kfOG5 . 8f= dfgjsf n3'syfdf kfl/jfl/s hLjgsf hl6ntf / kl/jf/leqsf ;b:osf aLrsf] cGt{;DaGwnfO{ k|:t't ul/Psf] kfOG5 . /utsf] gftfleqsf dflg;sf aLrsf] ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf ptf/r9fjsf] k|:t'lt, dflg;sf cefjhGo hLjgsf c;xhtf, lzIff, ;flxTo, snf, kqsfl/tf, Gofosfg' Pjd\ /fhgLlts ;DaGwsf n3'syfsf dfWodaf6 dfgjLo ;DaGwsf ;fy} ;fdflhs åGåsf] ;d]t k|:t'lt kfOG5 . pgsf n3'syfdf cftª\sjfb Pjd\ lx+;fsf] lj/f]w, u|fdL0f / ;x/L ;Eotflarsf] ;DaGwsf ;fy} dfgjLo ;Dj]bgfsf] k|:t'lt kfOG5 . To:t} pgsf n3'syfdf JolQm kfqsf lj;ª\ultsf] ;d]t rrf{ kfOG5 . pgsf n3'syf Joª\\Uok/s, ;+j]bgfTds, ;fdflhs cj:yfsf] lrq0f Pjd\ lj;ªultaf]wsf b[li6n] dxTjk"0f{ /x]sf 5g\ . 8f= dfgjsf n3'syfdf ;fdflhs åGåsf] k|:t'lt, k|]defjsf] cleJolQm, ljb|f]xL r]tgfsf] k|:t'lt, :d[ltk/s efjsf] cleJolQm kfOG5 . pgsf n3'syf j0f{gfTds, ljj/0ffTds, ;+jfbfTds, k|Zgf]Q/ z}nL, kq z}nL, ;dfrf/ z}nL Pjd\ b}lgsL z}nLdf lgdf{0f ePsf 5g\ . pgsf n3'syfsf kfq k|foM ls;fg kfq /x]sf 5g\ . To;afx]s pgsf n3'syfsf kfq OlGhlgo/, k|fWofks, /fhgLltsdL{, kqsf/, n]vs, /ª\usdL{, sd{rf/L, GofosdL{, k|x/L cflb /x]sf 5g\ . pd]/ut cfwf/df afns, o'jf Pjd\ j[4 kfqsf] k|of]u eP klg o'jf kfqsf] clwstf /x]sf] 5 . cfly{s lx;fan] lgDg, dWod / pRr ju{sf] pkl:ylt /x] klg dWod ju{sf] cTolws pkl:ylt Pjd\ dWod juL{o hLjgsf cg'e"ltsf] Jofkstf kfOG5 . pgsf n3'syfdf u|fdL0f hLjgsf] ;f}Gbo{ kfOG5 . ls;fg hLjg / ufpFk|lt n]vssf] cTolws df]x kfOG5 . pgsf n3'syfdf u|fdL0f / gu/ ;Eotfsf ;fy} a'jf k':tf / 5f]/fgflt k':tfaLrsf] k|]d, cg'/fu Pjd\ ;ª\3if{ ;d]t kfOG5 . pgsf n3'syfdf nf;3/, sfof{no, SofDk;, Gofofno, ;ef:yn, c1ft :yn, kf6L{ sfof{no, d;fh ;]G6/, ;8s, sf/vfgf, a;:6k, dlGb/ sfo{:ynsf ¿kdf cfPsf 5g\ . o;/L 8f= /fdlgjf; dfgjsf n3'syfdf ef/tLo ;dfhsf ljleGg ju{sf dfgjsf] hLjg cfPsf] kfOG5 . pgsf n3'syfsf] cWoogaf6 rf/ bzs otfsf] ef/tLo ;dfhsf ljleGg kIfsf af/]df yfxf kfpg ;lsG5 . lxGbL efiffsf dfWodaf6 n3'syf ;flxTosf] ljsf;df dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg lbPsf 8f= /fdlgjf; dfgjsf] n]vsLo hLjg cem} prfOdf k'uf];\ eGg] z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5' .
ljifo;"rL
-!_ v]nf}gf
-@_ hnwf/fsf] ;fd'Gg]
-#_ 5f]/fsf] u'gf;f]
-$_ :6]6;
-%_ s'G7f
-^_ dfgb08
-&_ 3/ kms]{sf kfOnf
-*_ Oltxf; ;fIfL 5
-(_ 8]/fjfnf
-!)_ lahf/f]k0f
-!!_ gkms]{sf /fd
-!@_ bLkfjnLsf] ld7f;
-!#_ hLjg—/]vf
-!$_ clUgbfx
-!%_ b]vfj6L j:t'
-!^_ afa' 5f]/f
-!&_ ;fpgsf …n'Ú x¿
-!*_ bfjf
-!(_ h/f sfl6Psf] ¿v
-@)_ cfdfsf] cy{
-@!_ ;a}sL cfdf
-@@_ ul/asL cfdf
-@#_ cg'e"lt
-@$_ 6f]n/]G;
-@%_ dlxnfnfO{ ef]s
-@^_ >LdtLsf] eljio
-@&_ >LdtL cyf{t\ gf/L
-@*_ cfsl:ds pkxf/
-@(_ Åbo3ft
-#)_ ;fFrf] >Ldfg
-#!_ csL{ dlxnf
-#@_ a'xf/Lsf] a'l4
-##_ Uff]nL
-#$_ prfO
-#%_ kf]:6sf8{
-#^_ db{sf] s'/f
-#&_ kL8faf]w
-#*_ ljjfxsf] ;u'g
-#(_ Hofgdfnsf] d"No
-$)_ x}l;ot
-$!_ Nff;
-$@_ ;+j]bgxLgtf
-$#_ csf]{ Ps cledGo"
-$$_ cfkm\gf] dflg;
-$%_ k|Tofqmd0f
-$^_ Dff]rf{aGbL
-$&_ lg0f{o
-$*_ r]tfjgL
-$(_ Kfm};nf eO;Sof]
-%)_ k|yd k|lt
-%!_ 5gf}6–k|lqmof
-%@_ ;Ddfg
-%#_ Dffg–ckdfg
-%$_ ;Gbe{ M uf]nLsf08
-%%_ xTof
-%^_ gSsnL PgsfpG6/
-%&_ klxnf] uf]nL
-%*_ ho >L/fd
-%(_ sflkm/
-^)_ cftª\sjfbL
-^!_ r]tfjgL
-^@_ zflGtsf] åLk
-^#_ l6s6sf] cfwf/
-^$_ sf/0f
-^%_ tGb'/L lrsg
-^^_ Joj:yf
-^&_ ;k{
-^*_ cfuf]
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-&)_ d'lQm
-&!_ Uof/]G6L
-&@_ nfnl6g
-&#_ ;'gsf] r}g
-&$_ s]aL;L–s]aL;L\
-&%_ rnlrq
-&^_ eujfg\
-&&_ 5t
-&*_ eljiosf] 8/
v]nf}gf
xl/afa'n] gh/ 3'dfP/ x]/] . pgnfO{ cfkm\gf] 8«fOª–?dsf ;a} ;fdfg w]/} ;:tf / sd;n nfUf] . æof] klg 8«fOª– ?d xf] ÛÆ oxL ;f]r]/ pgL pbf; h:tf eP .
8«fOª– ¿d t wL/ ;fxasf] 5, Psbd km:6{ Snf; . lxhf] hGdlbgsf] awfO{ lbg uPF, To;a]nf x]/]sf] x]¥o} ePF . Sof ;f]kmf, /ª\uLg 6]lnlehg=, jL=;L=cf/= / lk|mh lyof] . clg Sof 8]sf]/];g lyof], jfx ÛÛ
xf], zf]s];df slt zf]lk; ;lhPsf lyP, PseGbf csf]{ /fd|f] . kmnfdsf], sf7sf], ;ª\ud/d/sf] . Pp6f ¥ofs t k"/fsf k"/f v]nf}gfn] el/Psf] lyof] . x/]s v]nf}gf slt dxFuf, ;'Gb/ / rdrdfpFbf nfUby] .
s]xL ;dosf nflu xl/afa'sf] dg st} x/fPsf lyof] . To;}a]nf pgsf r'Gg'–d'Gg' æa'jf cfpg'eof], a'jf cfpg'eof] .Æ eg]/ xNnf dRrfpFb} leq cfP . tL b"j}n] k"/f 8«fOª–?dnfO{ plk|mFb}–ufpFb}–em'Db}, Ps ;ª\uLtdo gf}nf]kgfn] el/lbP .
xl/afa'sf] cg'xf/df xNnf d':sfg emlNsof] . To;kl5 s] lyof], b'j} aRrf pgsf sfFwdf r9g yfn] / plk|mP/ v]Ng yfn] .
ca k'gM gh/ nufpFbf xl/afa'nfO{ cfkm\gf ;a} lrh km/s x'Fb} uPsf] cg'ej eof] .
æwL/ ;fxasf] 8«fOª ?ddf ;a} yf]s t 5, t/ o:tf ;hLj v]nf}gf t 5}gg\ .Æ pgn] cfkm}n] cfkm"nfO{ eg] clg aRrfx¿nfO{ 5ftLdf s;]/ cª\sdfn u/] .
hnwf/sf] ;fd'Gg]
d cfh laxfgb]lv b'MvL 5' . 5f]/L ladf/ 5] . pm Hj/f]n] sfFlk/x]sL 5] . s]xL ?3fvf]sL klg 5 . 8fS6/sf] cf}iflwn] klg s'g} c;/ k/]sf] 5}g . vf]sL h:tfsf] To:t} 5 .
d k6s–k6s p;sf] 6fpsf]df xft /fv]/ x]5'{, tftf] 5 . cem p;sf] xftnfO{ cfkm\gf] xftdf /fVb5' . dfof ub{5' . ;fGTjgf klg lbG5', …lrGtfsf] s'g} s'/f 5}g . l5§} l7s x'g]5 xfd|L 5f]/L . ?3f t cfpg] hfg] u5{ .
d]/f] dfofsf] tftf]n] pm cfFvf vf]Nb5] . cfFvf /ftf eO;s]sf 5g\ . nuftf/ kfgL alu/x]sf] 5 . pm d':s'/fpg] k|of; ub{5] . t/ la:tf/}–la:tf/} eGb5]–æ8}8L Û dnfO{ ;Fw} ladf/ eO/xg dg nfUof] .Æ
ælsg 5f]/L <Æ d x}/fg eP/ ;f]Wb\5' .
æha d ladf/ x'G5',, Tolta]nf xh'/ dnfO{ klg cfz' efO hlt g} dfof ug'{x'G5 gL ÛÆ 5f]/L :ki6 ub{5] .
d ;Gg /x]F . 5f]/Lsf] cbfntn] dnfO{ ck/fwL 3f]lift u¥of] . 5f]/f–5f]/Ldf d}n] slxNo} klg s'g} km/s u/]g\ . t/, b'O{ jif{ ;fgf] ePsf]n] 5f]/f cfz'k|lt w]/} nufj x'g' :jefljs lyof] . lgzLn] o;nfO{ cfkm"k|ltsf] e]befj a'em]sL lyOg\ .
d p;nfO{ s;]/ 5ftLdf nufpF5' . dnfO{ nfU5, olb d}n] cfkm\gf] ks8 l9nf u/]F eg] p;sf] cfFvfaf6 cfpg] hnwf/fn] dnfO{ klg aufP/ nUg]5 .
5f]/fsf] u'gf;f]]
5f]/f w]/} l/;fPsf] lyof] . cfh p;n] cfkm\gf] ;f/f s'/f a'jfl;t k|s6 u¥of]–æd k"/f b'O{ jif{ rG9Lu9df /x]/ PdP u/]/ cfPF t/ tkfO{F PskN6 klg dnfO{ e]6\g cfpg'ePg\ . klxnf t tkfO{F k|foMh;f] rG9Lu9 hfg'x'GYof], d ToxfF x'Fbf lsg cfpg'ePg <Ú
5f]/fsf] s'/f pgL ;lDemG5g\, p;sf] k|Zgsf] s] pQ/ lbpmF, oxL s'/f pgn] ;f]Rg ;s]sf 5}gg\ <
a'jfnfO{ r'k b]v]/ 5f]/fn] k'gM k|Zg u¥of]–ætkfO{F b'O{ jif{ klxn] dnfO{ xf]:6n 5f]8g cfpg'ePsf] lyof] . a;\, To;kl5 slxn] klg ToxfF uP/ x]g'{ePg\, d xf]:6]ndf s;/L a;]sf] 5' . o:tf] lsg 8}8L <Æ
æltd|f] s'/f l7s 5 5f]/f <Æ olt g} eGg ;s]sf lyP pgn] .
t/ 5f]/f afa'sf] o; ;+lIfKt pQ/af6 ;Gt'i6 x'g ;s]g . ctM cfkm\gf] s'/fnfO{ cem :ki6 ug{sf nflu p;n] eGof]–æd]/f ;fyL ltd|f] 8}8L sdfnsf dfG5] x'g\ eGby] . ;'?df t pxfFsf] ltdL;Fu olt nufj lyof] ls :jo+ ltdLnfO{ xf]:6]n 5f]8\g cfpg'eof] . pxfF hfg] ;dodf klg efj's x'g'ePsf] lyof], cfFvfdf kfgL el/Psf] lyof]====olt nufj lyof] ls ltdL klg xf]:6n 5f]8]/ /f]xts kms]{/ hfgsf nflu tof/ ePsf lyof} . t/ To;kl5 ltd|f 8}8L slxn] ltdLnfO{ x]g{ slxn] cfpg'ePg, kmf]gaf6 g} sfd rnfpg' eof], a; .æ
5f]/fsf] s'/fsf] Hjfnfn] pgL leqleq} d}gaQL ;/x klUnFb} uP t/ pgL s;/L atfpg ;Sy] ls 5f]/faf6 6f9f eP/ pgn] kl5Nnf b'O{ jif{ s;/L latfPsf 5g\ . pgL hfGb5g\ ls h'g 5f]/faf6 pgL kne/ klg b"/L ;xg ug{ ;Sb}gy], p;};Fu 6f9f x'g] lg0f{o ug{] a]nf pgsf] dgdf s:tf] eof] xf]nf <
t/ pgL hfGb5g\, of] cfjZos lyof] . olb pgL 5f]/faf6 6f9f /xFb}gy] t 5f]/f afa'sf] ;xf/faf6 6f9f cfkm\gf] Ifdtfdf s;/L afFRg hfGbYof] . k"/} pd]/ afa'sf] 5ftLdf 6fFl;P/ t pm /xg ;Sb}gYof] . slxn] g slxn] pgLlagf klg t afFRg'kb{Yof] .
cfh pgL k|;Gg 5g\ ls pgsf] 5f]/fn] pgLaf6 6f9f /x]/ klg afFRg hflg;s]sf] 5 . p;df cfjZos cfTdljZjf; klg cfPsf] 5 . To;}n] pgn] axfgf agfP–æs] ug]{ 5f]/f Û olt b'O{ jif{df w]/} Jo:t /x]F . sfd klg olt lyof] ls rF9Lu9 hfgsf nflu ;do g} lgsfNg kfPgF .Æ
:6]6;
k|e' Ps jif{kl5 ljbfdf 3/ cfPsf] 5 . o; cjlwdf p;n] k};f klg k7fPg . kSs} hf]8]sf] t xf]nf, tLg xhf/eGbf sd t s] Nofof] xf]nf Û l7s 5, ca ;f/f C0f ltg{ ;lsg] 5 . ;a} ldnfP/ tLg xhf/sf] nueu t xf]nf g} .
u0fktn] cfkm"n] C0f lnPsf] k};f dfUg] dflg;x¿nfO{ k|e' cfpg] ljZjf;df /f]ls/fv]sf] lyof] . pm ;a}nfO{ eGbYof]–æca s'g} lrGtf 5}g Û k|e' sn]hdf n]Sr// ePsf] 5 . ;a kL=8L= zdf{ eg]/ af]nfpF5g\ . 7"nf] cf]xbf 5 Û 9fO xhf/ tna xf]nf, of] eGbf sd 5}g . casf] labfdf cfPsf] a]nf, ;asf] lx;fa ltnf{ .Æ clg pwf/sf] k};f dfUg cfpg] dflg; cfZj:t eP/ hfGy] .
Ps xKtf eO;Sof] k|e' cfPsf], t/ p;n] Ps ?lkFof klg lbPg . u0fktn] ;f]Rof], ;fob e'ln;s]sf] 5, hfg] a]nfdf b]nf . k};f t cjZo NofPsf] x'g;S5 . p;n] C0f / vr{sf] s'/f p7fof] t/ k|e'n] xfF–x'F u/]/ of] s'/fnfO{ dxTj lbPg . k};f dfUg' p;nfO{ klg plrt nfu]g .
cfh k|e' uO/x]sf] 5 . w]/} l56f] labf ;dfKt eO;Sof] . slxn]sfFxL slt l56f] ;do hfG5 . a'jf xd];f h;/L gx/;Dd 5f]8g cfP, To;a]nf p;n] s'/f ldnfof]–æo;kfln t s]xL klg arfpg ;lsgF a'jf Û ;x/df w]/} vr{ 5, :6]6;sf lx;fadf /xg' kb{5 . km]l/ Pslbg s'Gg'n] lh2L u/]kl5 sf]7fdf 6L=jL= lsGg'k¥of] .Æ
æs] ef] t 5f]/f Û d}n] slxn] dfu]sf] 5' k};f Û 5 eg] lbg] u/, geP s]xL 5}g . 3/df s'g} s'/fsf] sdL t 5}g . ltdL v';L xf]pm, aRrfx¿sf] Vofn u/ . vfgflkgfdf sGh';L gu/ .Æ ;a} s'/f Ps} :jf;df eg]/ u0fktn] 5f]/fa'xf/LnfO{ cfzL{jfb lbof], gfltgL s'Gg'nfO{ 6fpsf]df d';fof]{ clg 3/ cfof] .
u0fkt 3/ kmls{Fbf p;sf ;fd'Gg] s}og cg'xf/ Ps;fy 3'Dg nfu] . ca p;n] ;lDemg ;s]g ls sxfFaf6 cfpg]5 ca tLg xhf/ ?lkofF . ca p;nfO{ cfkm\gf] OHhteGbf a9L o; s'/fsf] lrGtf lyof] ls dflg;x¿sf] /sd ;dodf ltg{ ;s]g eg], 5f]/fsf] :6]6;sf] xfnt s] xf]nf <
s'G7f
ufpFsf] o'js k9]/ ;x/df gf]s/L s] nfUb5, cfkm\gf] h/f / hldgl;t cnu x'G5 . ;x/ uP/ pm cfkm\gf] ufpFsf] cefj / ct[lKtsf] abnf lng yfNb5 . p;sf] of] k|ltzf]wsf] lzsf/ p;sf cfdfa'jf x'G5g\ lsgls cfkm"nfO{ ul/a 3/df hGdfpg] l;wf lhDd]jf/ pm pgLx¿nfO{ dfGb5 .
xfd|f n3'syf–gfos >Ldfg\\sf ;fy klg o:t} eof] . >Ldfg\ l;FrfO{ ljefudf cf]e/l;o/ x'g\ . tna afx]s klg df]6f] cfDbfgL 5 . ca pgL sk8fsf] h'Qfaf6 lna{6L ;'h / ;'tLsf s'tf{ kfOhfdfaf6 ;kmf/L ;'6;Dd k'lu;s]sf 5g\ . cl3Nnf] ;fn g} ljjfx eO;s]sf] 5 . ctM ;f/f sdfO{ >Ldfg\–>LdtLsf] sk8f, z[ª\uf/, vfglkg clg lkslgs / lkmNddf g} vr{ x'g]u5{ . cfdfa'jfsf nflu s]xL klg aRb}g . pgLx¿sf] xftn klxn]sf] h:tf] 5}g . h] lyof], >Ldfg\sf] lzIff / ljjfxdf vr{ eO;s]sf] 5 . pgLx¿ a9\bf] pd]/;Fu} v]tL klg ug{ ;Sb}gg\ .
>Ldfg slxn]sfFxL dfq 3/ cfpF5 . >LdtLnfO{ ufpFdf b'Mv gxf];\ eg]/ af6f]df kg]{ ;;'/fnLdf 5f]8]/ cfpF5 . 3/sf dflg;n] s]xL lbg 3/df a:gsf nflu eg]kl5, zfg nufP/ eG5–ægLnd u'8ufFpdf 5, PSn} p;nfO{ 8/ nfU5 . o;}n] t cfh hfg}k5{ .æ
lxhf] pm Ps 3G6fkl5 hfg nfUof], a'jfn] dg ef/L u/]/ eGg'eof]–Æolt glhs eP/ klg w]/}kl5 cfPsf 5f} . a'xf/LnfO{ klg ;fydf lnP/ cfpg] u/ 5f]/f . xfdL ;w}F oxfF a:g] 5}gf}F, ca t pd]/ klg ;fn b'O{ ;fn t xf]nf .Æ
æTof] t ;a l7s 5 a'jf Û t/ ufpFdf 5 laufxf hldg . sRrf] k'Vof}{nL 3/ / tkfOF{ l;jfo s] 5 /, h;sf nflu cfpg' k/f]; .Æ
æltd|f] OR5f 5f]/f ÛÆ eg]/ a'jfn] >LdfgnfO{ labf u/] t/ pgnfO{ w]/} /flt;Dd lgGb|f cfPg\ . pgL ;f]Rg yfn] ls 5f]/fsf nflu pgsf] dxTj hldg / sRrL 3/ hlt klg 5 ls 5}g <æ
dfgb08
5f]/f /fdbofn lbNnL uPsf] Ps ;fn eO;s]sf] 5 . p;n] lr6\7L klg k7fPg, g ?lkof k};f k7fof] . olt ePkl5 /lt/fdnfO{ lrGtf eof] . pm 5f]/fnfO{ vf]Hb} pmsxfF k'Uof] . ælr6\7L–kqL klg ePg . s] s'/f xf] < ;a} l7s 5 5f]/f <Æ
æsfd g} olt 5, lr6\7L n]Vgsf nflu km';{b g} ePg a'jf Û c? n]Vg' g} s] lyof] / <Æ
æk};f t k7fpg'kg]{ . lr67LeGbf klg k};fsf] h?/t a9L lyof] .Æ
æyfxf 5, ;a yfxf 5 a'jf . t/ k};f k7fpFy] sxfFaf6 <Æ
ælsg tna ldn]g / <Æ
æw]/} d'l:snn] Ps sf/vfgfdf Sns{sf] sfd kfOPsf] 5 . tLg ;o kfOG5 . h;df ;o ?lkofF 3/sf] ef8f 5 . s]xL vfgflkgf . km]l/ h'g dflg;n] hfuL/ nufPsf] 5, p;sf] C0f ltl//x]sf] 5' .Æ
æTo;f] eP d}n] tFnfO{ tLg ;osf] Sns{ aGgsf nflu la=P= ;Dd k9fPsf] lyPF .Æ 5f]/fsf] pQ/n] w]/} cf3ft nfu]sf] lyof] p;nfO{ .
æs] u¿F a'jf ====Æ
æd}n] cfkm\gf] k]6 sf6]/ ;f/f sdfO{ t]/f] k9fO{df km's]sf] lyPF . d}n] of] ;f]r]sf] lyPF sL tF s]xL aGnf;\, cfkm\gf] / cfkm\gf] 3/kl/jf/sf] klg /fd|f] unf{;\ eg]/ . t/ tF t=====.Æ
æa'jf, k]6 t el/G5 .Æ
æk]6 dfq eg'{ lyof] t tFeGbf t]/f] efO /fdrGb/ l7s 5 . kfFr sIff dfq k9]sf] 5, v]tLls;fgL u/]/ cfkm\gf] klg k]6 e5{ clg xfd|f] klg <Æ
3/ kms]{sf kfOnf
dxf/fdsf] hLjgsf] b'O{ ltxfO{ ;do e}+;Lsf] k'R5/ ;dft]/ 3/af6 v]t / v]taf6 3/ cfpFbfhfFb} k"/f ePsf] lyof] . p;n] k"/f tLg la;L / b'O{ a9L ;fn latfO;s]sf] lyof], leHb} ;'Sb}, slxn] kl;gfn] t slxn] a/;ftsf] kfgLn] . p;n] slxNo} klg /fd|f] n'uf nufpg kfPg, g vfg kfof] . s'g} ;dodf p;n] Ps dxn cjZo agfPsf] lyof] h'g ;f} 3/ ePsf] ufpFdf PSnf] lyof] .
kl5Nnf] ;fn p;sf] 7"nf] 5f]/f xl/nfn aL=P= kf; u/]/ ha lbNnLdf hfuL/] eof], To;a]nf dxf/fdsf] lhGbuLsf] klxnf] / ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ;kgf k"/f ePsf] lyof] . p;sf] bf];|f] ;kgf lyof], lbNnL x]g{] . Tof] klg cfh k"/f eO/x]sf] 5 . pm s]xL lbgsf nflu 7"nf] 5f]/fsxfF lbNnL cfPsf] lyof] .
t/ lbNnL cfPsf] tLg–rf/ lbgkl5 p;sf] dg 56k6 ug{ nfUof] . 7"nf] 5f]/fn] p;nfO{ k"/f lbNnL 3'dfof] . nfnlsNnf, s't'aldgf/, hfdfdl:hb, hGt/–dGt/ ;a b]vfof] t/ p;sf a'jf v';L ePgg\ . pgsf] r]x/f afbn el/Psf] cfsfzh:t} cFWof/f] b]lvof] .
Ps /ft, ha vfg a;]sf a]nf afa'n] eg]–ædnfO{ ufpF hfgb]pm 5f]/f Û d of] ;x/df cem a:g ;lSbgF .Æ
ælsg, s] s'/f 5 a'jf < olt l5§} lsg ufpF hfg'x'G5 <Æ
æcF, 5f]/f ÛÆ
æs'g} s'/f t xf]nf <Æ
æs'g} s'/f x}g .Æ
æx}g, d]/f] tkm{af6 s'g} :jfutdf sdL eof] ls <Æ
æof] s'/f klg xf]Og, 5f]/f .Æ
æTo;f]eP s] s'g} b'Mv 5 <Æ
æs'g} b'Mv 5}g .Æ
æTo;f] eP lsg olt rfF8f] ufpF hfg rfxg'x'G5, tkfO{F <Æ
æs'/f of] 5 5f]/f Û of] lbNnLdf xfd|f] s'g} cf}sft 5}g . ofF t xfdL s'g} 3/sf gf}s/ hlt klg nfUb}gf}+ . ufpFdf t dnfO{ dxnjfnf eg]/ lrGb5g\ .Æ
Oltxf; ;fIfL 5
p;sf] gh/ cfndf/Ldf uPkl5 p;n] b]Vof], /ljn] p;sf ;f/f lstfa tyf sltko c¿ cfjZos ;fdfgnfO{ nfk/afxLsf ;fy Ps s'gfdf ;f/]/ To; 7fpFdf cfkm\gf] emf]nf /flvlbPsf] 5 . p;nfO{ aRrfsf] o; lsl;dsf] lqmofsnfkk|lt l/; gp7] klg ;f]lwxfNof], æ/lj dxf]bo, ltdLn] d]/f] lrh dfly lsg ;fl/lbof} <Æ
æd]/f] emf]nf /fd|/L cl6/x]sf] lyPg, o;}n],Æ aRrfn] ;xh efjn] pQ/ lbof] .
afnssf] pQ/ ;''g]/ p;nfO{ nfUof], h;/L pm a"9f] eO;s]sf] 5 / p;sf] vf6 sf]7faf6 lgsfn]/, aflx/ cfFugdf /flvPsf] 5 lsgls sf]7fdf p;sf] vf6 ;xL lsl;dn] cl6/x]sf] lyPg .
p;nfO{ PsfPs ofb cfof], bz jif{ klxn] p;n] klg o:t} u/]sf] lyof], cfkm\gf] a"9f] afa'nfO{ .
8]/fjfnf
5f]/f5f]/Lsf] k9fOn]vfO{ / ljjfxsf rSs/df hLjgsf krkGg jif{ slxn] lat], /fdd]x/nfO{ yfxf g} ePg . sd sdfO, 6\o';gaf6 klg gfd dfqsf] sdfO x'GYof] . ctM d'l:snn] u'hf/f rNbYof] . pmh:tf] :s'n lzIfssf nflu cfkm\gf] 3/sf] s'/f ;f]Rg' klg w]/} nfUbYof] . ctM tL; jif{sf] ;]jfsfn 8]/fdf a;]/ ;fdfg /fVb}–la;fpFb} laTof] .
cfh /fdd]x/ v';L 5 . krkGgsf] pd]/df ;xL, p;n] cfkm\gf] Ps ;fgf] 3/ agfPsf] 5 . s]xL k};f p;n] arfPsf] lyof], s]xL k]G;g ldNof] / s]xL lkPkmaf6 C0f lnof] / o;k|sf/ cfkm\gf] 3/sf] ;kgf ;fsf/ eof] . ctM pm v';L 5, w]/} v';L, olt v';L ls hlt pm cfkm\gf] ljjfx / aRrfx¿sf] hGddf ;fob ePsf] xf];\\ .
/fdd]x/n] u[x k|j]zeGbf klxn] g} cfkm\\gf ;f/f ;fdfg gofF 3/df /flv;s]sf] 5 . b; ah] k'hf 5 / To;kl5 u[xk|j]z . o; cj;/df 5f]/f–5f]/L b'j} cfPsf 5g\ .
t/ 3/ / 3/sf] ;hfj6 b]v]/ b'j} emls{G5g\ / eG5g\–æof] s] a'jf Û Ps t ;f} uhsf] ;fgf] 3/, To;df tkfO{Fn] cfkm\gf ;f/f k"/fgf ;fdfg o;df el/lbg' ePsf] 5 . o;}n] of] 3/ xf]Og, saf8vfgf nfUb5 .Æ
olt eg]/ pgLx¿n] p;n] agfPsf lrq, k':ts / cGo h¿/L ;fdfgnfO{ ToxfFaf6 x6fP/ :6f]/df /flvlbP . x]bf{x]b}{ 3/sf] gS;f ablnof] . of] 3/ Tof] 3/ x}g, h'g /fdd]x/n] cfkm\gf nflu agfPsf] 5 .
/fdd]x/nfO{ nfUb5, pm cfkm\g} 3/df 8]/fjfnf ag]sf] 5 . a;, km/s olt 5 ls klxn] pm c¿sf 3/df 8]/fjfn lyof] clxn] cfkm\g} 3/df .
lahf/f]k0f
æs] ;f]lr/x]sL 5f} /fd/ltÆ
æs]xL klg xf]Og <Æ
æx}g, s]xL t ;f]lr/x]sL 5f} <Æ
æs] ;f]Rg' ca <Æ
æ;fob ca ;DklTfsf] ;fy;fy} cfdfa'jfsf] ljefhg x'g]5 efOx¿df <Æ
æTof] t x'g] g} lyof] . km]l/ ;f]Rg' s] 5 / <Æ
æ;f]Rg' of] ls sf] s:sf] efudf kg]{5f}+ <Æ
æsf]xL s;}sf] efudf k/] klg o;n] s] km/s k5{ / . b'j} cfk\mg} 5f]/f t x'g\, s;}sf] klg ;fy /xf}F .Æ
æltdLnfO{ cK7\of/f] nfu]g <Æ
ælsg <Æ
æ;f/f pd]/ ;fy /xof}+, ca a'9];sfndf cnu–cnu <Æ
æo:tf] s'/f lsg ug'{x'G5 tkfOF{ <Æ
æÅbodf kL8f x'G5 ;fob .Æ
ætkfO{Fsf] b'Vb}g <Æ
æPs s'/f ;f]wf}+ /fd/lt <Æ
æx'G5, ;f]Wg'xf];\ <Æ
æltdLnfO{ Pp6f s'/f ofb 5 <Æ
æs'g s'/f <Æ
æh]7f] k]6df lyof], To;a]nf====,Æ
æTo;a]nf s] <Æ
æd eGy]F, 5f]/L xf]nL, ltdL eGYof} 5f]/f xf]nf .Æ
æxf], ofb 5, ;a ofb 5 . o:tf] s'/f e'lnG5 s] xf] <Æ
æo; s'/fdf Ps lbg xfdL b'j}df emu8f ePsf] lyof] .Æ
æTof] klg ofb 5 .Æ
æltdLn] eg]sL lyof}, d 5f]/f lnG5' / d}n] 5f]/L lnG5' eg]sf] lyPF .Æ
æxf], ;fFlRrs} .Æ
æ/fd/lt, dnfO{ nfUb5======Æ
æs] <Æ
æxfdLn] ljefhgsf] lapm p;}lbg /f]k]sf lyof}+ .Æ
ætkfO{F l7s eGg'x'G5, ;fob .Æ
gkms]{sf /fd
bLkfjnL nIdLsf] kj{ dflgG5 t/ ;fdfGotof sflt{s dlxgfsf] clGtd xKtfdf cfpF5 . o:tf] l:yltdf Jofkf/L t nIdL k"hf ub{5g t/ ;fdfGo sd{rf/L dgdg} sNkgf ul//xG5g\ . dlxgfsf] clGtd xKtf cfpFbf–cfpFbf pgLx¿sf] vNtL vfln x'G5 / /f;g, t/sf/L cflb ;a} s'/fsf] pwf/f] /xG5 . t/ ljbf b'O{rf/ g ePkl5 k6fvf km':; eP klg geP klg pgsf] dg cjZo g} km':; x'G5 .
bz/y–gGbg–/fdrGb|hL t lbjfnLsf lbg cof]Wof lkmtf{ cfPsf lyP t/ xfd|f] n3'syf gfos /fdrGb| k|foM 3/ k'Ub}gg\ t/ pgsf] dgdf of] lbg cfkm\gf] 3/df x'G5 . kj{df 3/kl/jf/, a"9f cfdfa'jf;Fu a:g] OR5f eujfg\ /fdeGbf klg w]/} x'G5 . /fdhLsf] a'jf t :jfu{jf;L eO;s]sf lyP, t/ oL /fdrGb|sf a'jf eujfg\sf] s[kfn] c;L jif{sf] pd]/df klg, clxn];Dd /fd|} x'g'x'G5 . lktf–;'v logsf efUodf w]/} n]lvPsf] 5 .
of] ;+of]u ;lDemg'xf];\ ls o;k6s bLkfjnLdf nIdL kj{df /fdrGb|sf] h]a ;o–;osf gf]6n] el/Psf] 5 . s]xL klxnf] dlxgfsf] tna l9nf ldNof] / s]xL tna bLkfjnL klxn] cfof] . of] klg ;+of]u xf] ls of]k6s labfx¿ klg s]xL lbgsf] ;§f k"/f kfFr lbgsf nflu ldNof] . o;}n] pgL w]/} v';L 5g\ . of] kfln t bLkfjnLdf 3/d} x'g]5g\ . cfdfa'jf a'9f 5g\, yfxf 5}g, slta]nf s] x'G5 <
æ;Ltf ÛÆ dfGg'xf]; ls oxL pgsL >LdtLsf] gfd xf]–…ef]ln laxfg %=@) jfnf a;af6 3/ uP eg] lbpF;f];Dd 3/ k''lug]5 . o;} lx;fan] ;f/f tof/L ug'{ .Æ
æs] u/f}+ 3/ uP/ Û x/]s ;fndf t bLkfjnL ;'Vvf hfg] u5{ . o; jif{ ;dodf tna ldNof] eg] 3/sf nflu af]/fla:t/ afFlwxfn . d ;f]Wb5', b'Mv afx]s s] ldN5 ToxfF uP/ < a;ef8f g} kfFr–;ft ;o eGbf sd gxf]nf ÛÆ
æc/] of/, ltdL lsg ;lDemb}gf} Û s'/f k};fsf] xf]Og, efjgfsf] x'G5 . kj{sf cj;/df cfkm\gf a"9f cfdfa'jf;Fu x'g' s] sd xf] / <Æ
ægfOF, d hfFlbg\ . hfg' g} 5 eg] tkfO{F hfg'xf]nf . xh'/nfO{ t cfkm\gf] cfdfa'jfsf] afx]s s;}sf] klg Wofg 5}g . dnfO{ t aRrfx¿sf] n]vk9sf] ;a}sf] Wofg /fVg'kb{5 .Æ
æefUojfg, lr;f] ;'¿ eO;s]sf] 5 . 3/ uP/ of] klg t x]g'{ 5 ls sf];Fu sk8f 5 / sf];Fu 5}g . ToxfF uPkl5 b'j} sfd x'G5 .Æ
ætkfO{F ;f]Rg'x'G5, tkfO{F agfpg' x'G5 eg] nQfks8f aG5g\ pgLx¿sf nflu Û tkfO{Fsf c¿ klg tLg efO 5g\, ;a} sdfpF5g\ . s] pgLx¿nfO{ Wofg x'Fb}g xf]nf t cfkm\gf cfdfa'jfsf] < pgLx¿ agfpnfg\ .Æ
h] eP klg, lgisif{ of] lgl:sof] ls ;Ltf 3/ hfg tof/ eOgg\ . PSn} cof]Wof uP/ /fdrGb||hL klg s] uy]{ < pgnfO{ nfUof], h;/L agjf;sf] Ps jif{ al9;s]sf] 5 . æ;fob, o;k6s klg tna ;dodf gkfOg'kg]{ Û uf]hL vfnL x'gfsf sf/0f 3/ hfg gkfpg'sf] sd;]sd axfgf t x'GYof] .Æ dgdg} pgL ;f]Rg nfu] .
lbkfjnLsf] ld7f;
pm bLkfjnLdf ;o ?lkof vr{ u/]/ k'/} tLg ;o lsnf]ld6/ 6f9faf6 3/ k'Uof] . cfpghfgsf] b'Mv, b'O{ lbgsf] a]tnaL labf t/ klg pm v';L lyof] . 3/ k'Uf]kl5 ;;fgf efOalxgLn] p;nfO{ 3]/]/ ;f]w]—æxfd|f nflu s] Nofpg'eof] bfh' <Æ
æw]/} s]xL klg xf]Og, of] ld7fO NofPsf] 5' .Æ p;n] y}nLaf6 ld7fOsf] l8Aaf lgsfn]/ efOalxgLlt/ a9fof] .
aRrfx¿sf] cg'xf/af6 pHofnf] ufoa eof] . Tolta]n} dflxnf] bfO 3/ cfP . pgL l5d]sL ;x/df gf]s/L ub{5g\ . ca aRrf pgL;Fu 6fFl;P æl8Aafdf s] 5 <Æ
æcfxf–xf, w]/} s'/f 5–;f]gLsf nflu km'neml8x¿, aG6Lsf nflu k6fvf, g/]zsf nflu cgf/ / 7"nf7"nf ad====c¿===c¿ ;a}sf nflu w]/} lsl;dsf ld7fOx¿======.Æ dflxnf] bfh'n] ubub eP/ eGof], æltdLx¿sf nflu k"/f krf; ¿lkofFsf] ;fdfg NofPsf] 5' .Æ
aRrfx¿ an 3'dfpFb} v]Ng nfu]sf lyP–æslt /fd|f] x'g'x'G5 dflxnf] bfh' .Ú pgLx¿nfO{ 7"nf] kL8f eof]–…7"nf] bfh'n] xfd|f nflu t s]xL klg Nofpg' ePg .Æ
æ7"Nbfh'sf] tna sd 5 eg]/ a'jfn] eGg'ePsf] 5 . s] of] ;fFrf] xf] <Æ ;f]emf] tl/sfn] 7"Nbfh'l;t ;f]gLn] ;f]w]sL lyO{g–æs] dfOnf] bfh' tkfO{FeGbf a9L sdfpg' x'G5 <Æ
æxf], To;}n] t slt ;f/f lrh Nofpg' ePsf] 5 xfd|f nflu . dflxnf] bfh' /fd|f] ÛÆ eGbfeGb} plk|mg yfn] aG6L / g/]z .
æxf]Og, o:tf] eGg'x'Fb}g . 7"Nbfh' h] klg Nofpg' ePsf] 5, w]/} xf] .Æ dfOnf] bfh'n] pgLx¿nfO{ ;DemfPsf lyP .
aRrfx¿sf] s'/f ;'g]/ 7'Nbfh'sf] 3fF6L ;'s]sf] lyof] . p;nfO{ nfUof], lbkfjnLsf] ;f/f ld7f; k6fvfsf] af?bL uGwn] gdL7f] eO;s]sf] 5 .
hLjg—/]vf
labf ;s]/ lxF8g] a]nfdf p;n] a}7ssf] Ps s'gfdf u'd;'d a:g'ePsf a'jfsf] cfzL{jfbsf nflu r/0f 5f]Pkl5 a'jfn] cfkm\gf] xft pgsf] 6fpsf]df /fv]/ eGg'eof]—æ5f]/f Û xf]l;of/Lsf ;fy hfg" . d}n] t ltdLnfO{ hfg nfu]sf] klg b]Vg ;lSbgF, cfFvf km'l6;s]5 .Æ
pm b|ljt eof] . ;f/f ctLt s'g} rnlrq ;/x, PsfPs p;sf] cfFvfsf ;fd'Gg] 3'Dof] .
of] jiff}{+ k"/fgf] l;nl;nf xf], nueu aL; jif{ k"/fgf] . pm hlxn] klg aflx/ hfGYof], a'jf ;w}F p;nfO{ 6f9f;Dd k'¥ofpg hfg'x'GYof] . p;n] k6s–k6s gfOF eGbf klg pxfFsf] dg kmls{g dfGb}gYof] . æcln 6f9f c?, c? 6f9f c?Æ eGbfeGb} pxfF p;sf ;fy Ps–8]9 lsnf]ld6/ 6f9f;Dd k'Ug'x'GYof] . To;kl5 klg x]l//xg'x'GYof], cfFvfaf6 cf]e]n gx'Fbf;Dd .
t/ cfh, cfFvf aGb x'gfn], 5f]/fsf] la5f]8n] a'jfnfO{ leqleq ;tfO/x]sf] lyof] .
jiff}{+sf] lj:tf/df km}lnPsf] hLjg slt l56f] ;d]l6G5 . p;nfO{ nfUof], h;/L a'jfn] hLjgdf clGtd If0fdf kfOnf /fVg' ePsf] 5 . pxfFsf] cl3Nnf] sbd sxfF kg]{5, of] ;f]r]/ pm sfFKof] .
pm hfFbfhfFb} k6s–k6s df]8]/ a'jfnfO{ x]g{ yfNof] . a'jf laNs'n p;/L g} al;/xg'ePsf] lyof], lge] h;/L, h8jt clg pbf; .
clUgbfx
eoª\s/ b'Mvsf ;fy pm eLif0f åGådf km;]sf] lyof] . a'jfsf] lrtf nueu ;lh;s]sf] lyof]Ù rGbg, 3L, sk'/ cflb xfn]/ pgsf] clGtd ;+:sf/sf] ;a} tof/L eO;s]sf] lyof] . ca kfnf] lyof], lrtfdf d'vflUg lbg] .
rf/j6f 5f]/fdf h]7f] x'gfsf sf/0f lrtfsf] d'vdf cfuf] lbg' p;sf] hGdhft clwsf/ lyof] / k/Dk/f klg . t/ p;sf] cGtd{gdf t s]xL c¿ g} rln/x]sf] lyof] .
pm a'jfsf] ;a}eGbf Kof/f] 5f]/f lyof] . a'jfsf] hlt klg k||]d / :g]x p;nfO{ k|fKt ePsf] lyof], plt t cGo tLg efOx¿nfO{ ldnfP/ klg k|fKt ePsf] lyPg xf]nf . t];|f] / rf}yf] 5f]/fsf] ;DaGw t a'jfl;t 7Ls lyof], t/ dfOnf] efOsf] pgLl;t slxn] /fd|f] ;DaGw ePg .
dfOnf efOsf] a'jfl;t lsg, s] / s]s] u'gf;f] lyof], of] p;n] slxNo} yfxf kfpg ;s]g . pm t of] hfGb\Yof] ls a'jf To:tf] x'g'x'Gy]g, h:tf] efOn] ;f]RbYof] . p;sf] b[li6df bf]if bf];|f] efOsf] lyof], h;sf] dgdf a'jfsf k|lt csf/0f 3[0ff el/Psf] lyof] .
cfh p;n] dfOnf] efOsf] Tof] ;f/f 3[0ffnfO{ a'jfsf] gZj/ z/L/sf ;fy} eid ug]{ lg0f{o uof]{ . p;sf nflu cfkm\gf] clwsf/ klg 5f]8\g tof/ lyof] pm .
æ5f]/f Û lrtfdf cfuf] nufpm .Æ cfuf]n] el/Psf] n6\7L ydfpFb} klG8thLn] eg]sf lyP .
Tof] n6\7L efOtkm{ a9fpFb} p;n] eGof], ælrtfsf] d'vflUg dfOnf]n]n] lbG5 .Æ
æx}g 5f]/f Û of] t h]7f] 5f]/fsf] clwsf/ xf] .Æ klG8thLn] p;nfO{ ;DemfP–æk/Dk/f tyf zf:qLo ljwfg klg oxL xf] .Æ
æof] ;a k"/fgf / cGwljZjf;L s'/f x'g, klG8thL Û d of] dfGb}g .Æ p;n] of] :ki6 u¥of] / o;eGbf klxn] ls ToxfF pkl:yt c¿ dflg; s]xL hfGg rfxGy], ;lDemg rfxGy], p;n] dfOnf] efOsf] xfy ;dft]/ a'jfsf] lrtfnfO{ k|Hjlnt u¥of] .
c>'k'l/t cfFvfn] pm of] b]lv/x]sf] lyof] ls Psflt/ a'jfsf] kfly{j z/L/ ;fIfft\ clUgdf hln/x]sf] lyof] t/ bf];|f]lt/ dfOnf] efOsf] z/L/ kZrftfksf] cfuf]n] .
b]vfj6L j:t'
d]/f] pgLl;t s]6fs]6Lb]lv g} nufj lyof] . pgsf 5f]/f5f]/L;/x d klg pgnfO{ afa'hL eGby]F . pgn] klg dnfO{ slxn] la/fgf] ;Dem]gg\ . em'7f] lsg af]n"F, pgL a]nf–s'a]nf ?lkof k};fn] xfd|f] kl/jf/sf] ;xof]u ub{y] . d]/f] hfuL/ nufpgdf klg pgn] ;a} pkfo u/]sf lyP . cfh h'g afa'lu/L ul//x]sf] 5', of] pgs} efubf}8sf] ;'kmn xf] .
afa'hLsf] k"/f gfd lyof]–;]7 dx]z bQ . t/ w]/} dflg; pgnfO{ afa'hL g} eGby] . ;x/e/df /fd|f] OHht lyof] . cfkm\gf] lk||lG6ª k|]; rnfpFy], hdfgfdf cvaf/ klg lgsfNby] . o;f] ePsf]n] /fd|f] kx'Fr lyof], dflg; pgnfO{ dfGby] .
pgnfO{ ;wF} of] s'/fsf] b'Mv lyof] ls pgsf] PSnf] 5f]/f cfjf/f eO;s]sf] 5 . ;fFRr} Ps a'jfnfO{ of] eGbf 7"nf] b'Mvsf] s'/f s] x'g ;S5 . ;tLznfO{ of] u'gf;f] lyof] ls p;nfO{ p;sf a'jfn] dfof ug'{x'Gg . xd];f xKsfpg'x'G5, h:tf] ls pm pgsf] 5f]/f geP/ k/fO{ xf] . ha pm b'O{ jif{sf] lyof], 6fpsf]df o:tf] n6\7Ln] xfg]sf lyP ls To;sf] lgzfg clxn];Dd nfu]sf] 5 . To;kl5 pm l/;df cfP/ pN6fl;wf af]Ng nfUof], …afa' yf]/} xf], s;fO{ xf] . o:tf afa'sf] t d'v g b]v"F====.Æ cflb . d p;nfO{ w]/} ;DemfpFy]–æefO Û h'g dflg; dh:tf] k/fO{ s]6fnfO{ olt dfof u5{, pm cfkm\gf] 5f]/fnfO{ dfof ub}{g xf]nf . / km]l/ pgsf] ltd|f] ;§f c¿ s'g 5f]/f 5 / < h;nfO{ dfof u¿g .Æ t/ d]/f] s'/fsf] ;tLzdf s'g} c;/ x'Fb}gYof] . pm l/;df 3/af6 aflx/ lgl:sGYof] / /ftdf 3/ cfpFYof] .Æ
d ha labfdf 3/ cfpFy], afa'hLnfO{ cjZo e]6\y]F . w]/} ;do pgsf ;fydf a:y]F . pgsf] s'/fdf w]/} ld7f; x'GYof] . b'lgofe/sf syf ;'gfpFy], cfNxf–pmbnb]lv lnP/ ;'/ / saL/sf] kb–ehg ;a} . gLlt / pkb]zsf] s'/f ub{y] . ;fFRr} 7"nf] cg'ej lyof] pgsf] . slxn]sfFxL pgsf s'/fn] nfUYof], h;/L pgL dgdg} ;f]lr/x]sf 5\g\, ;fob pgsf] 5f]/fn] klg afa'nfO{ ;Ddfg b]cf];\, o;/L g} ;Fu} a;]/ s'/f ;'gf];\ . h]xf];, kl5Nnf] dlxgf ;Q/L jif{sf] pd]/df Åbo3ftn] afa'hLsf] :ju{jf; eof] .
d labfdf cfPsf] a]nf ;Fw}sf] h:tf] o;k6s klg pgsf] 3/ uPF . a}7sdf pgsf] ;'gf}nf] k|m]ddf hl8Psf] 7"nf] kmf]6f] nfu]sf] b]v]/ cfZro{ eof] . kSsf klg ;tLzn] nufPsf] x''g'k5{ . dnfO{ kmf]6f]lt/ x]l//x]sf] b]v]/ ;tLzn] d]/f] efj a'lemxfNof] . p;n] eGof]–ækl5Nnf] xKtfdf agfPsf] xf] . oxfF /fd|f] nfU5 lg ÛÆ
dnfO{ nfUof], ;tLzsf nflu afa'hLsf] t:aL/sf dxŒj …b]vfj6L j:t'Ú eGbf a9L 5}g .
afa' 5f]/f
cfh a'jfsf] kfFrf} jflif{sL xf] . dflg; eG5g\ ls ;dosf ;fy 3fp el/G5 / ofb wldnf] kb}{ hfG5 . t/ p;dfly o:tf] s]xL klg ePg a¿ pN6f] eof] . ;do;Fu} a'jfsf] d[To'sf] b'Mv cem ulx/f] x'Fb} uof] . a'jfsf] :d[lt cfh klg p;sf] leh]sf] cfFvfdf t}l//x]sf] 5 / pm cToGt efj's / efjljXjn x'g]u5{ .
p;sf] csf]{ hGddf slxn] klg ljZjf; ePg t/ cfh p;sf] dg eGg] u5{–æ;fob, k'gh{Gd ePsf] eP ÛÆ pm rfxG5 ls p;sf] k'gh{Gd eP pm a'jfsf] sfvdf v]Nb}, pgsf] cf}Fnf ;dft]/ lxF8g l;Sb}, a'jfl;t 6fFl;P/ af]Ng ;sf];\ . w]/} s'/f cfkm\gf] Kof/f] a'jfl;t ug{ rfxG5 .
t/ s] o:tf] x'g;S5 . of] ;f]r]/ pm b'vL x'G5 . pm hfGb5, ca g k'gh{Gd x'G5 / g slxNo} pm a'jfl;t e]6g\ ;Sg]5 . a'jf ca ;fFRr} ;+;f/df /xg'ePg .
pm cfkm"nfO{ ;Demfpg] w]/} k|of; ub{5 t/ dg dfGg tof/ 5}g . cfFvfaf6 hnwf/f cfO/x]sf] 5 . p;nfO{ cfkm" cfF;'sf] gbLdf klUnP/ aU5' h:tf] nfU5 .
æa'jfn] dnfO{ k9fP/–n]vfP/ /fd|f] u/]gg\ . dnfO{ clzlIft g} /xg lbg'kg]{ . To;f] eP d sd;]sd pgL;Fu t /xGy]F . slt cfjZostf 5 dflg;sf] < rf/ /f]6L / b'O{ sk8f . olt ;a} t dnfO{ v]taf6 klg kfOGYof] . k9fOaf6 dnfO{ s] ldNof] < gf}s/L, cfdfa'jfaf6 6f9f /xg', la5f]8, slxn] gd]l6g] lt;{gf Û d o; gf]s/Lsf sf/0f a'jf / cfdf;Fu clGtd ;dodf klg pxfFx¿sf] ;fydf /xg ;lsgF\ .Æ ;f]Rbf–;f]Rb} p;sf] cGtd{g km"6\of] .
To;}a]nf p;sf] Ps dfq 5f]/f cfP/ eGb5–æd]/f] hfg] a]nf eO;Sof], 8\of8L Û ljZjljBfnodf ef]lnaf6 sIff ;'¿ x'Fb}5g\ . To;}n] cfh} hfg' l7s xf]nf .Æ
æxf], xf], l7s 5 5f]/f Û d ltdLnfO{ ToxfF k'¥ofP/ cfpF5' .Æ eg]/ p;n] r'krfk cfFvf k'5]/ 5f]/fnfO{ k'¥ofpgsf nflu uf8L lgsfNof] . cfh afa'–5f]/f km]l/ ;fy–;fy lyP t/ gfd–¿k ablnPsf] 5 .
;fpgsf …n'Ú x¿
Psrf]l6 km]l/ ;fpgsf] 36f 5fof], afbn s8\lsof] clg xNsf–xNsf a'Fbx¿ emg{ yfn] . p;sf] dg rfnL; jif{kl5 ljutdf k'Uof] .
;fpgsf] em/L cfpg yfNof] . a'jf em/L ;lsFbf;Dd xnf] lnP/ v]tdf hfg nfu] . pm klg lap lnP/ a'jfsf] kl5kl5 uof] . a'jf v]tdf k'Ug]lalQs} wtL{ cfdfnfO{ DjfO{ vfP/ eGg'x'G5—æ/fd|f] v]tL b]pm wtL{ cfdf Û ljdnf hjfg eO;s]sL 5, o;k6s p;sf] ljjfx ug'{kg]{ 5 .Æ
a'jf pF6df h'jf s;]/ xnf] hf]Tg'xG5, xnf]df h'jf 7f]s]/, /fd|/L 7f]s]/ x]g'{x'G5 . pxfFnfO{ ;a /fd|f] geP;Dd ;Gt'li6 x'Fb}g .
ca lap /f]Kg] kfnf] cfpF5 . a'jf xn;f]ltof efO -a'jf dnfO{ xnf] hf]Tg] efO gfdn] ;Daf]wg ug'{x''G5_ n] ;a sfd ug]{ eGg'x'G5 . efOsf] xftn] xn;f]ltof /fd|f] x'g]5, v]tL /fd|f] x'g]5 eGg'x'G5 .
xnf] rnfpg] sfd ul/G5 . a'jfn] xnf]sf] laF8 ;dfTg' x'G5 . pm lapaf6 Ps d'ÝL afh/f lgsfn]/ la:tf/}la:tf/} v]tdf xfNg yfNbf x]l//xG5 / ;fy} a'jflt/ x]g{ yfNb5 . cfh a'jfsf] v';Lsf] s'g} 7]ufgf 5}g . pm x]l//x]5, hldgdf slxn] pAhgL x'g]5 t/ a'jfsf] cg'xf/df t cfh} pAhgL eO;s]sf] 5, cGg nx/fO;s]sf] 5 .
pm PsfPs efj's x'G5 . ;fpgsf] Ps em/L p;sf] cfFvfdf cfpF5 . cfh ;fpg t 5, t/ a'jf x'g'x'Gg, g xnf]–h'jf, Tof] klg cfkm\gf] 3/v]teGbf b'O{ ;o lsnf]ld6/ 6f9f, b]x/fb'gdf .
PsfPs p;nfO{ nfU5, ;fpgdf ud{ n'' nfUg yfn]sf] 5 . olb p;n] cfkm"nfO{ arfpg ;s]g eg] of] n' n] p;nfO{ 89fOlbg] 5 . To;kl5 pm t'?Gt cfFvf aGb ub{5 .
bfjf
ækm]l/ ltdLn] s] ;f]Rof} sdnf .Æ
æs] egf}+, s]xL ;demdf cfO/x]sf] 5}g .Æ
æpx'F, o;df g;lDemg] s'g s'/f 5 / <Æ
æTo;f] eP tkfO{F g} eGg'xf];\, s] ug'{k¥of] .Æ
æd]/f] eg]sf] dfG5f} t ef]ln g} bfjf ul/xfn .Æ
æt/ of] s] l7s xf]nf <Æ
æo;df unt s] 5 <Æ
æ;f]lrxfn, dflg; s] eGnfg .Æ
ædflg;x¿nfO{ df/ uf]nL, ltdL cfkm\gf] ;f]r .Æ
æs] of] tkfO{FnfO{ g/fd|f] nfUb}g ls klxn] t tkfOF{n] k|]dljjfx ug'{eof] . olt cfbz{jfbL aGg'eof] ls bfOhf]df Ps sf}8L klg lng'ePg . ca, d a'jfsf] d[To'kl5 pgsf] ;DklQdf lx:;f dfuf}+ <Æ
æs]xL g/fd|f] x'Fb}g . afa'sf] ;Dkltdf 5f]/fsf] / 5f]/Lsf] klg a/fa/ clwsf/ x'G5 .Æ
æTof] t xf], t/ oxfF clwsf/eGbf efjgf / cfbz{sf] xf] .Æ
æc/] of/, ltdL efjgf / cfbz{sf kl5 lsg k/]sL 5f} < ;f]r t, ltd||f] a'jf bz nfvsf] hldg–;DklQ 5f]8]/ hfg'ePsf] 5 .Æ
æxf], of] t ;fFrf] xf] .Æ
ærf/} efOalxgL ldn]/ efuaG8f ubf{ 9fO{–9fO{ nfv k|To]ssf] efudf cfpF5 .Æ
æefuaG8f unf{g ta g .Æ
æof] t ug}{k5{ . c/], olt ?lkofF eP t xfdL ;f/f hLjgdf sdfpg ;Sb}gf}+ . /ftlbg nfu] klg Tolt sdfpg ;Sb}gf}+ .Æ
æTo;f] eP ef]lnaf6 sf/jfxL ;'? ul/lbpFm <Æ
æxf], /fd||f];Fu ;f]w .Æ
æy}+s o' ljdn]z, y}+s o' j]/L dr\ .Æ
æs] dtna xf] ltd|f] <Æ
æc/] afaf, d t of] klxn]af6 ;f]lr/fv]sL lyPF . a; tkfO{Faf6 cF u/fpg' lyof] . ;f]r]F, st} n]vs dxf]bo cfbz{jfbsf] emf]+sdf, cfPsf] nIdLnfO{ glng] sfd t ub}{gg, o;}n] .Æ
æcf]xf], ltdL slt /fd|L 5f} sdnf Û ;fFRr}, ca xfdL;Fu klg df?tL sf/ xf]nf, a}+s–Aofn]G; xf]nf / c¿=====c¿===.Æ
æ/, km]l/ sf]xL klg dnfO{ Ps kml6r/ n]vssL >LdtL eGg] 5}gg\, oxL s'/f xf]Og / <Æ
h/f sfl6Psf] ¿v
pgn] ufpF 5f]8]sf] aL; jif{eGbf a9L ;do eO;s]sf] 5 . ca km]l/ s;}n] ufpFdf a:g] cf;f klg 5}g lsgls tLg} efO gf]s/Ldf 5g\\, hxfF gf]s/Ldf 5g\, To; 7fpFdf g} a;f]jf; ul/;s]sf 5g\\ . aRrfx¿sf] nfngkfng / lzIffbLIff ToxL ;x/sf] jftfj/0fdf ePsf] 5 . o;}n] pgLx¿n] ufpF hfg] t k|Zg g} p7b}g .
t/ klg, agjf/LnfO{ cfkm\gf] k'vf{sf] 3/ / 3/ufpFsf] hldgl;t ulx/f] nufa 5, h'g ;dosf] ;fy;fy} sd x'g'sf] ;§f al9/x]sf] 5 . p;nfO{ o; s'/fsf] v';L 5 ls p;sf] klg k'Vof}{nL ;DklQ 5 . labfdf ha slxn] pm ufpFsf] cfkm\\gf] hh{/ PSnf] 3/df 38L b'O{ 38Lsf nflu uP/ a:b5 t p;sf] dg xl/of] x'G5 . h:t} ;'Vvf df};ddf w]/} jif{ ;'s]sf] ?vdf a;f{tsf] klxnf] yf]kf k/]kl5 kft lg:s]/ cfpF5 . 3/ufpFl;t hf]l8Psf], afNosfn / hjfgLsf :d[ltx¿ Ps–Ps u/]/ tfhf eP/ cfpF5 .
6f]nsf sltko dflg;sf] gh/ agaf/Lsf] 3/df nfu]sf] 5 . pbdL, kxgfb, ;'Ntfg cflb w]/} k6s p;nfO{ eGb5g\–æa]Rg'xf];\ ca o;nfO{ . tkfO{FnfO{ of] /fv]/ s] ug'{ 5 . vfnL 5, k8f];L ;Ldf ldRb} cfO/x]sf 5g\, x]/rfxsf] cefjn] vfln v/fa dfq x'G5 .Æ
p;sf] afFsL s'/fn] ;xdt eP/ klg, agaf/L 3/ a]Rg] s'/fn] ;xdt x'g ;s]sf] lyPg . xf], t/ 3/ a]Rg] s'/fdf b'j} ;fgf efO, lu/wf/L / x/åf/L ;xdt lyP . pgLx¿ eGby]–æha pbdL tLg xhf/ lbO/x]sf] 5 eg] To;nfO{ a]Rg' g} l7s xf]nf . s'g vhfgf 5 / To;df . xfdLdWo] t s;}n] oxfF a:g cfpg' 5}g .Æ
agjf/L hfGb5, vhfgf g ;xL, p;sf] gfn t u8]sf] 5 . t/ of] s'/f b'j} efOsf] ;demdf cfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . lsgls pgLx¿n] agjf/Lsf] gf}s/L nfUg] a]nfdf, ;fg}df ufpF 5f]l8;s]sf lyP / pm;Fu a:b}, ;x/df n]v]k9]sf lyP . pgLx¿ k"/f ;xl/of eO;s]sf lyP t/ agjf/Lsf dgsf] cfwf lx:;fdf, cfh klg ufpF a;]sf] 5 .
lxhf] x/åf/Lsf] lr7L ldn]sf] lyof], h;nfO{ k9]/ agjf/Lsf] :jf; tnsf] tn, dflysf] dfly /x]sf] lyof] . p;n] n]v]sf] lyof]–æufpFsf] 3/ / hldg pbdLnfO{ a]lrPsf] 5 . k};f lnP/ sRrf lnvt ul/lbPsf] 5, kSsf /lhi6«L udL{sf] ljbfdf, tkfO{F cfPkl5 u/f}+nf .Æ
agjf/Lsf] xfnt h/f sfl6Psf] ¿v h:tf] eof] . p;nfO{ nfUof], p;nfO{ af8'nL nfu]sf] 5 / pm h'g;'s} a]nf klg hf]/n] e'FOdf v:g ;S5 .
cfdfsf] cy{
Æb"w 9fO{ lsnf] lng'5, ofb u/]/ lng', l7s 5 .Æ :s'n hfgsf nflu tof/ x'Fbf >LdtLn] dnfO{ elgg\, æ8]s wf]P/ lk|mhdf /flvlbPsL 5' .Æ
æcfh 9fO{ lsnf] lsg <Æ d}n] ;f]Wbf emf]lSsP/ pQ/ lbOg\–ælsgls cfh aRrfx¿ 5fqfjf;af6 3/ cfO/x]sf 5g\ . cfh b"w gePsf]n] .Æ
æs]/f / :ofp lgsfn]/ /flvPsf] 5, cfkm" klg vfg' / aRrfx¿nfO{ klg v'jfpg" .Æ tof/ eP/ lxF8\g] a]nf >LdtLn] elgg\\ .
æn l7s 5, v'jfOlbpFnf .Æ pgL d]/f] cg'xf/sf] efj x]/]/ cfZj:t eOg\ .
t/ yf]/} 6f9f hfg] lalQs} pgL lkmtf{ cfOg\ . Tolta]nf d}n] eg]F– æca s] afFsL /x\of] <Æ
æld7fO{sf nflu t eGg e'lnxfn]F . aRrfx¿ cfpg'eGbf klxn] ahf/ uP/ pgLx¿sf] dg k/]sf] tfhf ld7fO{ lnP/ cfpg'xf]nf .Æ pgn] clGtd lgb]{zg lbOg\ .
…d cfpFbf;Dd olt ul/xfNg", afFsL d cfP/ ;DxfNg]5'====d]/f] k/LIffdf 8\o'6L gePsf] eP, t d labf lnGy]F, xh'/nfO{ labf lngsf] nflu elGbgy]F .Æ >LdtLsf] cfjfhdf :ki6Ls/0fsf] ;fy;fy} Joyf / ljjztf klg lyof] .
/, To;a]nf >LdtL uPkl5 / aRrfx¿ cfpg' cl3 d}n] cfdf x'g'sf] cy{ vf]Hg nfu]F .
;a}sL cfdf
dnfO{ ljZjf; g} ePg t/ ha ;fgf aRrfx¿ u'gf;f] ul//x]sf 5g\ t s]xL ;To t xf]nf . cfdfnfO{ ca s] eO/x]sf] 5, d s]xL ;lDem/x]sf] 5}g .
cfdf klxn] t o:tL lyOgg\ . cefjsf a]nf klg d]/f] slt Vofn ub{lyg\ . slxNo} klg s'g} lrhsf] klg sdL cg'ej ug{ lbPsL lyOgg\ . a'jfl;t s'g} lrh dfUg] lxDdt g} x'Fb}gYof] . ha s'g} lrh rflxGYof], …cfdf, cfdfÚ u/]/ cfdf ePsf] 7fpF k'UbYof}+ . cfdf s]xL gaf]n] klg s'/f ;lDemxflNyg . To;kl5 h] klg x'GYof], d]/f] kmdf{O; k"/f x'GYof] . o;sf] nflu sltk6s pgnfO{ a'jfl;t em'7f] af]Ng' kb{Yof], xKsfO klg vfg'kb{Yof] .
ca 3/sf] xfnt /fd|f] 5 . d klg x/]sk6s hfg] a]nf, cfdfnfO{ s]xL g s]xL lbP/ hfG5', o:tf] lsg ub{l5g\ cfdf .
l;wf s'g} s'/f eGg] lxDdt t ePg, t/ 3'dfP/ ;f]Wbf cfdf af]lng–æ/lj /] /]vf l7s eG5g\, 5f]/f ÛÆ
æt/====cfdf ÛÆ d w]/} x}/fg lyPF .
æd klg t s] u¿F, d;Fu klg k};fsf] sdL /xG5 . o;}n] pxfFsf] h]avr{af6 s6f}tL ug'{kb{5 .Æ ef/L dgn] cfdfn] elgg\ .
æltdL hfGb5f} /fs]z Û l5d]sL 1fgsf] cl3Nnf] ;fn ;8s–b'3{6gfdf d[To' eof] . larf/L zflGtdf tLg ;fgf aRrfsf] af]em 5 . s'g} ;fwg 5}g, st}af6 s]xL kfOPsf] 5}g .Æ
æxf], p;sf] xfnt dnfO{ yfxf 5 . t/ p;sf] /lj–/]vfsf] vr{l;t s] ;DaGw 5 <Æ d}n] hfGg rfx]F .
cfdf efj's ePsL lyOg\–æ;DaGw 5 5f]/f Û d;Fu h] klg 5, To;af6 d To; ul/asf] d2t ub{5' . o;/L larf/Lsf aRrf kflng] 5g\ .Æ
cfdfsf s'/f ;'g]/ dnfO{ nfUof], pgL t xfd||L dfq xf]Og, ;a}sL cfdf /lx5g\ . cfdf ÛÚ d]/f] d'vaf6 olt g} lgl:sof] / d}n] em's]/, >[4fn] pgsf] r/0f 5f]PF .
ul/asL cfdf
h'g s'/fsf] p;nfO{ zª\sf lyof], ToxL eof] . 3/sf] cfFugdf v'§f /fVg] a]nfdf, ladf/ cfdfsf] vgvgfO/x]sf] k|Zg, pNsflkG8 h;/L p;sf] sfgdf 7f]lsof]–æd]/f] nflu cf}iflw Nofpm 5f]/f .Æ
p;n] cfdfsf] rfpl/Psf] cg'xf/df Ifl0fs cf;fsf] emns b]Vof] / crfgs vf]sLdf kl/jt{g ePsf] klg b]Vof] . cfdfsf] cg'xf/ sfnf] x'g yfNof] . nfUof], h;} pgsf] ;f; cfh lgl:sof], ca lgl:sof] .
cfdfsf] xfnt b]v]/ pm 8/fof] . cfdf bdsL ladf/L l5g\ . x/]s lbg cf}iflw Nofpg elG5g\ . pm lbglbg} s]xL g s]xL axfgf agfP/ cf}iflw gNofpg] s'/f ub{Yof] . t/ cfdfsf] xfnt x]/]/ p;nfO{ em'7f] af]Ng'k¥of]–æcF, NofPsf] 5' cfdf . oL n]pm .Æ
3/sf leq k:b} ubf{ cfkm\gf] sf/vfgfsf] dflnsdfly 7"nf] l/; cfpFYof] . pm aL; ?lkof P8efG;sf nflu slt lu8lu8fPsf] lyof] t/ p;n] Ps ?lkofF klg kfPg . cfdfsf] ladf/Lsf] af/]df atfpFbf klg p;sf] s7f]/ Åbo kUn]g .
3/sf] Ps s'gfdf /fv]sf] s]xL k"/fgf l;;LnfO{ p;n] x]¥of] . Tof] l;;fnfO{ xNnfP/ x]bf{ Pp6f l;;Ldf s]xL cf}iflw 5 . p;n] lagf s'g} ljrf/ u/]/ Tof] cf}ifwL cfdfnfO{ v'jfOlbof] .
cf}iflw z/L/leq hfg] lalQs} cfdfsf] sdhf]/ hLp emGemgfof] . hf]/n] vf]sLsf ;fy afGtf cfpg nfUof] . af8'nL /f]lsg nfUof] / cfFvf aflx/ cfof] . s]xL ;dodf cfdfsf] cg'xf/ kxFnf] eof] .
…c/], of] s:tf] cf}iflw NofO;\ xl/of <Ú cfdfsf] k|Zg lyof] .
æd To; 8fS6/sf] /ut lkg]5' cfdf Û Tof] abdf;n] unt cf}iflw lbof] . s] ul/asL cfdf cfdf xf]Ogg\ / <Æ pm cem em'7f] af]n]/ cfkm\gf] ck/fwaf]waf6 d'lQm kfpg] k|of;sf ;fy eG5 .
cg'e"lt
eGgnfO{ t p;sf] cfkm\\gf] 3/ 5, >LdtL / Pp6f aRrf klg 5 . t/ oL ;a;Fu p;sf] nufa g sf a/fa/ 5 . pm 3/nfO{ h'g ?kdf 9fNg rfxGYof], ;s]g . >LdtLsf] lh2Lsf] cl3 pm xfl/;s]sf] 5 . ctM p;sf] dgdf s6'tf / cnu x'g] efjgf al9/x]sf] 5 .
p;sf] ljjfxsf] rf/ jif{ eO;s]sf] 5 . of] rf/ jif{ p;n] cK7\of/f]sf ;fy latfPsf] 5 . cefj / ;d:ofn] p;sf] :jefjdf klg cldnf]kgf 3'ln;s]sf] 5 . 3/df p;n] bjfa afx]s s]xL cg'ej u/]sf] 5}g . o;}n] pm aflx/ /xg dg ub{5 .
lbge/ aflx/ a;]kl5 pm ha 3/ cfpF5, lsgsL pm;Fu of t xf]6ndf vfgf vfPkl5 k};f x'Gy]g jf zl//sf] ef]s d]6fpgsf nflu p;nfO{ h] rflxof], Tof] z/L/sf] ef]s d]6fpgsf nflu h] rflxG5, Tof] p;nfO{ aflx/ kfOg] 5}g .
vfgf vfPkl5 pm l;wf la:t/fdf hfG5 . p;sf] ;fydf r'krfk ;'t]sL >LdtL 5 . dgdf el/Psf] 56k6L / sf]7fdf km}lnPsf] af]lemnf] z"Gotfn] p;sf] dl:tisdf s'g} j]Zofnosf] cg'e"lt u/fpF5 . pm o; cg'e"ltnfO{ l56f]eGbf l56f] ;dfKt ug{ rfxG5 .
ctM ;a} s'/f hfg]/ klg pm >LdtLnfO{ ;f]Wb5, æ;'ltxfNof}, s] xf] <Æ
6f]n/]G;
lbgdf x]/]sf] …;lxbÚ lkmNd p;sf] cfFvfsf ;fd'Gg] 3'Dg yfNof] . eutl;+xsf ;fy b'Jo{jxf/ ul/G5===a/kmsf] 9'ª\ufdf ;'tfOG5====sf]8fn] lk6g] sfd ul/G5====kmf]xf]/ vfgf lbOG5 . cem klg, pm cfkm\gf] cfdfnfO{ lr7Ldf n]V5g ætkfO{F s'g} klg lsl;dsf] lrGtf gug'{ . oxfFsf dflg;sf] Jojxf/ w]/} /fd|f] 5 . h]n/ w]/} bofn'' 5g\ .Æ
æu|]6 6f]n/]G; ÛÆ p;sf] d'vaf6 lgl:sof] . p;sf] dg eutl;+xk|lt >[4fn] el/G5 . pm la:tf/}—la:tf/} vf6df bfofFafofF klN6g] sfd ul//xG5 .
l/n km]l/ rNof] . p;sL >LdtL p;sf] a/fa/ hfuL/ ub{l5g\\ . To;}u/L laxfg—;fFem 3/sf] sfd klg ul5{g . pm ;Fw} /S;L vfP/ /ftdf 3/ kmls{G5 . s'/fs'/fdf pm 7'l:sG5, xKsfpF5, lk65 . pm 3/df kq n]V5]—æd]/L lrGtf gug'{xf]nf cfdf Û pxfF w]/} /fd|f x'g'x'G5 . ;fFRr}, pxfF;Fu a;]/ d w]/} v';L 5'' .Æ
æu|]6 6fFn/]G; ÛÆ p;sf] d'vaf6 cem lgl:s/x]sf] 5 . p;sf dg cfkm\gL >LdtLsf k|lt k|]dn] el/P/ cfpF5 . pm cem vf6df otfptf klN6g] ul//xG5 .
æo]F ÛÆ pm cw{lgb|fdf crlDdt x'G5 . >LdtL clxn];Dd klg p;sf] v'§f ldlr/x]sL 5 . pm l/;n] qmf]lwt x'Fb} eG5, æabdf; Û clxn];Dd ;'t]sL 5}g;\ . cfwf /ft eO;s]sf] 5 .Æ
/, >LdtLnfO{ Ps nft xfg]/ vf6df csf]{lt/ kmls{G5 .
dlxnfnfO{ ef]s
of] dflg; xf] of lhpFbf] pvfg, eGg d'l:sn 5 . c?sf] t s'/f 5f]8f}+, k"/} kfFr ;fn 6fpsf] vkfP klg >LdtL klg p;sf] :jefjnfO{ ;lDemg ;lsg .
a]rf/L >LdtLn] klg s] u?g\ Û :jefj g} slt ljlrq 5 p;sf] . kfgL dfUof], t/ >LdtLn] kfgLsf lunf; NofpFbf ;Dd ltvf{ ;dfKt . slxn] e'6]sf] t/sf/L geP x'Fb}g t slxn] e'6]sf] b]v]/ 3f]/ 3[0ff . slxn] b'O{ /f]6L vfP/ p75, t slxn] vfPsf] vfo} .
>LdtL xNsf d':sfgsf ;fy elG5g\—æx] eujfg\ Û ;a} dflg; o:t} x'G5g\\, s] xf] <Æ
pm /ftdf vfgsf nflu a;]sf] lyof], t vfPsf] vfo} ug{ yfNof] . t/sf/L, bfn, ;nfb ;a} >LdtL cfpg'eGbf klxn] g} ;fkm . pm vfg a;L, t yfndf b'O{ /f]6L ar]sf] lyof] .
æoltn] sfd rN5 <Æ
æ7Ls 5 .Æ
ælsg ef]s nfu]sf] 5}g s] xf] <Æ
ænfu]sf] 5 gL .Æ
æcfh sd 5 . lxhf] d}n] b'O{ /f]6L a9L vfPsf] lyPF .Æ
æt/ ltd|f] ef]s====<Æ
ædlxnfnfO{ ef]ssf] s] s'/f Û w]/} /f]6L aRof], t ef]s w]/}, / sd aRof] t sd .Æ
>LdtLsf] eljio
>Ldfgn] gofF jif{df …lxGb':tfgÚ df cfkm\gf] jflif{s eljiokmn x]/]kl5 >LdtLnfO{ ;f]Wof]–æltd|f] /flz s] xf] <Æ
æt'nf, lsg <Æ
æltd|f] jflif{s eljio x]g'{ 5 .Æ
ædnfO{ gb]v]/} yfxf 5 .Æ
æs;/L <Æ
æo;df s:tf] s] s'/f 5 / Û ljjfxkl5sf b; jif{ h;/L lat]sf 5g\, p;/L g} laTg]5 of] jif{ klg .Æ
æs===s;/L===<Æ
æjif{el/ sfgdf srsr, lbdfudf v6v6 / dgdf lvGgtf /xG5====3/leqsf] rf/ kvf{nleqsf] z"Go jftfj/0fdf Hofg 3f]l6O/xg]5===>Ldfgsf ;fy ;DaGw klxn] h:t} /xg]5====;Ktfx—b; lbgdf PskN6 k|]d ug]{5g\ . Tof] klg b; ldg6sf nflu===c¿===c¿====of] eGbf afx]s s] x'g;S5 Ps >LdtLsf] eljio ÛÆ
>LdtL cyf{t\ gf/L
d]/f] k|f0f Û
tkfO{FnfO{ d;Fu w]/} u'gf;f] 5 . t/ d}n] ;lDemg ;s]sL 5}g ls pxfFx¿nfO{ s;/L 6f9f u¿F . hf] l7s nfUYof], ;a} u/]/ x]/]F, t/ xh'/nfO{ v';L ug{ ;lsFg . >LdtLn] >LdfgnfO{ v';L /fVg ;lsFg, p;sf] nflu of] eGbf 7"nf] c;kmntf s] xf]nf <
t/ s] ;f/f bf]if, ;f/f sdhf]/L d]/f] dfq lyof] / < tkfO{Fn] klg d]/f] ;fy lbg'ePg\, tkfO{Fn] klg k|of; ug'{ePg . d rfx] h] u¿F, xh'/ ha;Dd ;fy lbg'x'Gg, s'/f aGg]jfnf 5}g . ;f]Rg';\ t, xfdL >Ldfg\–>LdtL xf}+ . b'j}n] kl/jt{g x'g''knf{ .
s]jn tkfO{FsL
/fhL
k|f0f–lk|o,
km]l/ ;f/f bf]if ddfly g} yf]kfg'{ eof] xh'/n] . d]/] sdn, xh'/ of] lsg ;f]Rg'x'Gg ls d tkfO{FsL x''F, /fd|L 5' of g/fd|L, ca t lgjf{x ug'{ g} k5{ . xh'/nfO{ dl;t oxL u'gf;f] 5 ls xh'/ h] rfxg'x'G5, Tof] d lbg ;Sb}g . t/ d;Fu s] 5 /, hf] xh'/nfO{ d}n] lbOgF . cfkm\\\gf] 3/kl/jf/, ;a} s'/f 5f]8]/ oxfF xh'/sxfF cfPF . ca d, d]/f] ;j{:j xh'/s} t xf] gL . cem klg xh'/n] eGg'x'G5 ls=======Û
d}n] slxNo} >LdtLsf] gftfn] s]xL rfx]sf] jf dfu]sf] lyPF < >LdtLsf] klg s'g} xs x'Fb}g >Ldfg\df Û t/ klg, d ljZjf; lbG5' ls ca g xh'/;Fu s]xL rfxg] 5' g dfUg]5' . xh'/ d]/f] x'g'xf];\ a; . d o;}df v';L 5' a; .
xh'/sL gf]sgL{
/fhL
d]/f] sdn,
dnfO{ nfU5 ls d hLjge/ tkfO{FnfO{ ;lDemg ;Sg] 5}g . Ps lbg, o;/L g} k|f0f hfg]5 t8lkFb}–t8lkFb} . t/ klg ca xh'/l;t s] u'gf;f] ug'{ / Û
u'gf;f] t >Ldfgl;t ul/G5 t/ xh'/ >LdfgeGbf klxn] k'?if x'g'x'G5 . k'¿if ;dy{ x''G5g\, lgbf]{if x'G5g\ . ;f/f bf]if t ddf 5, d gf/L x'F lg Û gf/L x'g'sf] bf]if c¿ s]xL x'g ;Sb}g . d cfkm"nfO{ s]an >LdtL 7fg]/ a;]sL lyPF, hf] d]/f] uNtL lyof], h'g s'/f d cfh ;lDem/x]sL 5' .
;bf cefuL
/fhL
cfsl:ds pkxf/
>LdtLn] ;f/f t/sf/L p;sf] Kn]6df xfn]/, 8]snfO{ r'krfk o;/L 9flslbOg\ ls p;sf nflu w]/} t/sf/L 5 eGg] nfuf];\ . t/ p;n] v';'Ss x]l/;s]sf] lyof] ls 8]s vfnL 5 . pm o;sf] sf/0f ;lDemG5 . lxhf]sf] t s'/f lyof] . p;sf] Kn]6df yf]/} t/sf/L lyof], To;}n] p;n] cK7\of/f] u/]/ rf/ /f]6L vfof] . >LdtLn] c¿ /f]6L vfgsf nflu elgg\ t p;n] s];Fu vfpF eg]/ eg]sf] lyof] < >LdtL klg of]eGbf a9L s]xL af]n]sL lyOg .
p;n] vfP/ x]bf{ t/sf/L w]/} :jflbnf] nfUof] . w]/} lbgkl5 cfn', d6/sf] t/sf/L ag]sf] lyof] . Tof] klg yf]/} . pm dgdg} ;f]lr/x]sf] lyof]–æ;fob, cfh tLg rf/ Kn]6 t/sf/L p;sf] ;fd'Gg] ePsf] eP . pm ;a} rf6]/ hfGYof] .Æ pm Psrf]l6 cem klxn]h:t} cfkm\gL >LdtLnfO{ cfsl:ds pkxf/ lbg rfxGYof] .
h'ga]nf p;sf] ljjfx ePsf] sd} ;do ePsf] lyof], of] eGgsf nflu ls >LdtLn] agfPsf] vfgf p;nfO{ slt :jflbnf] nfUYof], slt lbg pm b'j}sf] vfgf PSn} vfOlbGYof] . >LdtLn] cfkm\gf] nflu bf];|f]k6s vfgf ksfpg' kb{Yof] . of] qmddf b'j}nfO{ w]/} v';L ldNbYof] . pm cfh ToxL v';L bf]x¥ofpg rfxGYof] .
t/ vfgf vfFb} ubf{ p;sf] ult crfgs sd x'Fb} uof] . ;f/f t/sf/L ;a} p;n] vfg]5, / >LdtL larf/L Û x'Fb}g\ ca o:tf] cfsl:ds pkxf/ l7s x'Fb}g . pm cfwf Kn]6 t/sf/L 5f]8]/ ToxfFaf6 p7of] .
…c/] Û tkfO{Fn] of] t/sf/L lsg vfg'ePg ===/f]6L cem vfg'kg]{ .Æ oL >LdtL lyOg .
pm hfGbYof] ls olb p;n] of] ltd|f] nflu xf], t pm d]/f nflu 8]sdf /flvPsf] 5 jf dnfO{ t/sf/L /fd|f] nfu]g . d t crf/ jf r6gLsf ;fy vfG5' . p;n] o:tf] s'/f kl5Nnf] b'O{ ;fndf w]/} k6s ;'lg;s]sf] 5 . To;kl5 pgL d'v lauf/]/ eGg]l5g\–ædnfO{ /fd|f] nfUb}g .Æ
p;n] b]Vof], >LdtLsf] cg'xf/ Psbd cFWof/f] eof] . >Ldfg\n] p;n] agfPsf] lrhnfO{ cfh klxnf] rf]l6 dg k/fPsf] lyPg .
em'7f] af]n]/ pm klg k5'tfO/x]sf] lyof] . >LdtLnfO{ p;sf] s'/f olt g/fd|f] nfUof] sL of] p;n] ;f]r]sf] lyPg . h:tf] ls em'7f] s'/f p;sf] unfdf uP/ /f]lsPsf] lyof] . ækfgL b]pm g .Æ eg]/ p;n] lunf; >LdtLlt/ a9fPsf] lyof] . p;sf] gh/ vfnL 8]sdf uPsf] lyof] .
Åbo3ft
pm Åbo/f]uL xf] . Psrf]l6 Åbo3ft klg e};s]sf] 5 . efj's 5, w]/} ;f]lr/xG5 . PsfGt ldNof] eg] cg]s dfgl;s hfn a'lg/xG5 . 3/kl/jf/sf] kL8f, b'Mvbb{, dw'jf syfsf] z/faLsf] h;/L, p;sf] lbdfudf 3'Dg] ub{5 . clg pm lbSs x'G5 .
8fS6/n] p;nfO{ v';L x'g'kg]{{, Jo:t x'g'kg]{ ;Nnfx lbPsf 5g\ . PsfGt p;sf nflu 3fts 5 . o;}n] pm >LdtLnfO{ cfkm";Fu} /fVb5 .
lxhf], >LdtL Ps ;Ktfxsf nflu dfOt hfgsf nflu tof/ x'Fbf p;n] ghfgsf nflu eGof] . pm >LdtLsf efjgfnfO{ ;lDemG5 t/ afWo 5 . Ps xKtfsf] PsfGtjf; p;sf nflu c;xh 5 .
>LdtLsf] Åbodf rf]6 nfU5 . pgL emls{g nflug\ . nfdf] ;do;Dd ;'FSs;'FSs ug{ nflug\ . pm ck/fwaf]wn] el/of] .
æef]ln hfg' dfOt, d k''¥ofOlbpFnf .Æ
æs] cfjZostf 5 hfg] Û d dl/xfn]F pgLx¿sf nflu .Æ
æd]/f] s'/f dfGb}gf}+ <Æ
ædnfO{ cfkm\gf] s'/f dfGg nufpg] tkfO{F sf] xf] < d tkfO{Fsf] u'nfd t xf]Og .Æ cfqmf]zdf cfPsL kTgLn] elgg\ .
æltdL d]/f] ;d:of a'em\b}gf} . dnfO{ s]xL eof] eg] <Æ
æs] xf]nf < Åbo3ft t xf] lg Û h] x'g' xf], l5§} eOxfnf];\, oxL l7s 5 . clgZro t d]l6G5 .Æ
>LdtLsf] s'/f ;'g]/ pm ;Gg eof] . of] eGbf 7"nf] Åbo3ft s] xf]nf < pm ;f]Rb5 .
;fFrf] >Ldfg\
dflg;sf] :jefj klg slt ljlrq 5 . klxn] piffnfO{ >Ldfg\;Fu u'gf;f] lyof] ls pxfFn] pm;Fu ;Fw} u'gf;f] ul//xG5g\ . ca eg] pgL >Ldfg\n] cfkm";Fu s'g} u'gf;f] ub}{gg\ eg]/ b'vL l5g\ .
pgn] >LdfgnfO{ a'em\gdf ;fFlRrs} sdhf]/L ePsf] 5 . Åbon] t pgL v/fa 5}gg\ . pgnfO{ cfkm\gf] uNtLsf] cg'ej / >Ldfg\sf] :jefjdf cfPsf] kl/jt{gn] Åboleqaf6 56k6L u/fPsf] 5 . ctM pgn] cfh pxfFl;t :ki6 s'/f ug]{ lg0f{o ul/g\\ .
æd ca xh'/nfO{ v';L /fVg ;lSbgF . klxn] ha l7s lyof], To;a]nf slxn] xh'/nfO{ ;Gt'i6 /fVg ;lsgF . ca t k|foMh;f] ladf/ eO/xG5' .Æ
Æd]/f] ;Gt'li6–c;Gt'li6sf] ljifodf ;f]Rg] ltdLnfO{ s'g} cfjZostf 5}g . klxn] ltdL 7Ls xf]pm .Æ
æx}g, d}n] xh'/sf] 56k6L a'em]sL 5'' . xh'/ eGg'x'Fb}g t s] eof] . xh'/ bf];|f] ljjfx ug'{xf];\=====.Æ
>Ldfgsf] xft hf]/n] ufnfdf k¥of] clg piff hf]/hf]/n] ?g yflng\ . kne/df >Ldfgn] cfkm\gf] cf]7 pgsf] ufnfdf /fv]/ eg], æljjfxsf] cy{ k|]d, efjgf / cfTdfsf] gftf x'G5 . ltdL xd];f pN6f ;f]Rb5f}, kfun sxLF ls ÛÆ
piffn] >LdfgnfO{ hf]/n] cFufnf] dfl/g\ . pgnfO{ nfUof], pgL cfh;Dd h;nfO{ >Ldfg\ ;Dem]/ a'lem/x]sL lyOg\\, pgL t >Ldfgsf] 5fofF dfq eP . ;fFrf] >Ldfg\ t pgnfO{ cfh kfOPsf] 5 .
csL{ dlxnf
pm cfkm\gf] em\ofnsf] glhs pleP/, 6f9f ;8sdf t/sf/L lsGg nfu]sL dlxnfnfO{ b]v]/ d':s'/fpg nfUof] . Tof] dlxnf klg p;nfO{ a/fa/ lnˆ6 lbO/x]sL lyO{ .
æ;fFRr} slt Kof/L 5 of] cfOdfO{ Û ;fFRr} p;sL >LdtL klg Tolts} cfsif{s ePsf] eP ÛÆ pm dgdg} ghflgFbf] kL8fdf k'Uof] .
efG;faf6 cfO/x]sf] efF8f ah]sf] cfjfhn] pm lglZrGt lyof] ls p;sL >LdtL cfkm\gf] sfd ul//x]sL 5 .
p;sf] dg ‰ofnaf6 cnu x'g dflg/x]sf] lyPg . t/sf/L lsGg] dlxnfn] df}sf kfP/ p;nfO{ o:tf] ;ª\s]t lbO{ ls pm cfkm\gf] d'6' yfd]/ /x\of] .
v6v6 s]xL sd ePkl5, >LdtLsf] sfd ;lsof] ls eg]/ x]g{sf nflu ha pm efG;fdf uof], t pm cfZro{rlst eof], æltdL <Æ
æxh'/, efF8f ;kmf ul//x]sL 5' .Æ
cfkm\gf] wsws ug{ nfu]sf] ÅbonfO{ s;} u/L zfGt u/]/, p;n] ;f]Wof], ædflnSgL sxfF l5g\ t <Æ
æxh'/, pxfF t aflx/ t/sf/L lsGb} x'g''x'G5 .Æ efF8f dfem\b} u/]sL gf]sgL{n] hjfkm lbO{ .
a'xf/Lsf] a'l4
sfG5L alxgLsf] ljjfxsf] s'/f rNof], /d]z / /]vfn] ljrf/ u/], æcfkm\gf] bfOhf]sf] kmlg{r/ s'Gg'nfO{ lbpFm . cfkm\\gf] lx:;fsf] /sd klg lbg'kb}{g / of] xNsf kmlg{r/ klg ;kmf x'g]5 . kl5 /fd|f] / cfkm\gf] dg k/]sf] lsgf}+nf .Æ
/]vfsf] ljrf/ a'jf;Dd k'¥ofOof]–æu'l8ofn] cfkm\gf] a'jf;Fu eg] x'G5, s''Gg'sf] ljjfxsf] lrGtf gu¿g\ . kmlg{r/ xfd|f] 5Fb}5, la:t/f, ;f]kmf, 8fOlgª 6]a'n, cfndf/L, ;a xfdL lbG5f}+ . ha ;a} ;fdfg 3/df 5 eg] lsg ahf/af6 lsGg] <Æ
a'jf ubub x'g'eof] .
æc/], ;'g\ t ÛÆ pxfFn] >LdtLnfO{ af]nfpg' eof]–æltdL dflxnL a'xf/LnfO{ ;Fw} c;dembf/ ;lDemG5f} . cfkm\gf] ;f/f ;fdfg s''Gg'sf] ljjfxdf lbg] s'/f ul//x]sL 5 . w]/} ;dembf/ 5, 3/sf] slt Vofn ub{5] gq cfh s;}n] klg To;} cfkm\\gf] ;f/f dxFuf] ;fdfg lbG5 .Æ
æsf] ;lDemG5 p;nfO{ c;dembf/ Û pm t ;a}eGbf ;dembf/ 5, To;}n] t cfkm\gf] bfOhf]sf] ;f/f ;fdfg, ljjfxsf] bf];|f] lbg, tfnfdf aGb u/]sL lyO{ .Æ >LdtLn] Ps} :jf;df ;a} s'/f elgg\–æc;dembf/ t h]7L a'xf/L xf], cfkm\gf ;f/f ;fdfg a]r]/ cfh;Dd 3/sf] vr{ rnfO/x]sL 5 / ca efO–lx:;fsf] k};f klg lbO/x]sL 5 .Æ
eGbf–eGbf >LdtLsf] cfF;'n] el/Psf] cfFvf h]7f 5f]/fsf] ljjfxsf] saf8 eO;s]sf] 8an a]8, ;f]kmf, 8fOlgª 6]a'n / cfndf/Ldf uP/ l6s]sf] lyof] .
Uff]nL
p;n] …:6]6;–l;DanÚ ;Dem]/ b'gfnL aGb's lsg]sf] lyof] . ;'/Iffsf] Uof/]G6L t 5 g}, /f]a cnUu} . o;}n] g]tfb]lv cleg]tf;Dd / yfg]bf/b]lv b; gDa/L;Dd, ;a} lk:tf]n em'G8\ofP/ 3'D5g\ . lk:tf]n lng' p;sf] ;fd{YoeGbf aflx/ lyof], To;}n] p;n] b'gfnL lsg]sf] lyof] . t/ To;nfO{ b]v]/ 3/sf / aflx/sf s'g} dflg; v';L lyPgg\ .
3/kl/jf/ / Oi6ldqsf] k|ltlqmof x]g'{xf];\ .
cfdf M sfd g sfhsf] aGb's–aGb's xfd|f] s] sfdsf] Û n8\g' afx'gsf] sfd x}g .
a'jf M o;nfO{ t k};f vr{ ug{l;t dtna . ;fFRr} o;nfO{ ;f]wf];\ s;}n], s] 6fpsf]df xfGg]5 aGb'sn] . kmf}h–k'ln;df ePsfn] aGb's /fV5g\ . sf]/f Iflqokgdf s] /fv]sf] / <
efO M ca aGb'sn] l;sf/ v]N5g\ efO ;fxa . ;a} dflg; :ofaf;L lbg]5g\–jfx /fdfgGb zdf{sf] s'g} hjfkm 5}g, ;'/df xf] .
l5d]sL M 5f]/f, aGb's nufot kl5 lsGg' . 3/df kRrL; jif{sf] alxgL s'df/L l5g\ . klxn] p;sf] ljjfx ul/b]pm . st} s'g} tndfly gxf];\ .
pm lg/f; ePsf] lyof] . ;fob p;n] aGb's lsg]/ uNtL u/]sf] 5 . To;}a]nf uLtf cfO{ . uLtf cyf{t\ p;sL alxgL . aGb's b]v]/ v'';L eO{–æxh'/n] lsGg'ePsf] xf] bfh' Û xh'/sf] aGb's xf] gL . bfh', dnfO{ klg aGb's rnfpg l;sfpg'; g bfh' <Æ
æcF .Æ p;n] ;xdlt hgfof] .
æo;sf] Ps uf]nLdf g} dfG5] d5{ t bfh' <Æ
alxgLsf] k|Zg ;'g]/ pm ;Gg eof] . p;nfO{ nfUof], h:tf] aGb's lagf rn] uf]nL p;sf] cf/kf/ eO;s]sf] 5 .
prfO
ljjfxkl5 kfx'gfsf] eL8 sd ePkl5 lbbLn] p;nfO{ ;dft]/ cfkm";Fu a;fP/ ;Demfpg nflug\ æcfkm\gf] t s]xL ePg, aRrfx¿sf] t Vofn u/ . a'xf/Ln] dnfO{ ;a} s'/f atfO;s]sL 5] .Æ
æ;a ;'v t 5 lbbL Û s] b'Mv 5 aRrfx¿nfO{ < zLnf klg xd];f vfln o;} u'gf;f] ul/xG5] .Æ
æxf], pm t kfun 5] . cfdfa'jfl;t ltdLnfO{ k|]d 5 . Tof] /fd|f] s'/f xf] . t/ o; sf/0f sf]xL klg cfkm\gf] hfuL/ 5f]8b}5 . aRrfx¿sf] k9fO n]vfO ;a} aaf{b eof] . ;x/af6 l;w} ufpFdf NofP/ 5f]l8lbof} . cfdfa'jfnfO{ g} ;x/ af]nfPsf] eP eOxfNYof] lg <Æ
æhfg] eP kf] Û slt eg]sf lyof}+ pxfFx¿nfO{ t/ of] ufpF 5f]8g tof/ g} x'g'x'Gg .Æ p;n] :ki6 kf¥of] .
æTo;f] eP ;8g lbg'kYof]{ pgLx¿nfO{ oxfF, PSn} a'9];sfndf . km]l/ s] ;'v eof] 5f]/fsf] pgLx¿nfO{ .Æ
æof] sfo{ daf6 x'Fb}g, lbbL ÛÆ
æt/ c¿af6 t lzIff n]pm . /f]zgnfO{ g} x]/, ;ayf]s 5 p;Fu . clg ltdL;Fu < s]xL klg 5}g .Æ
æd dfGb5', /f]zg;Fu ;'v;'ljwfsf ;a} ;fwg 5g\ t/ cfdfa'jfsf] ;]jf u/]/ h'g ;'v / ;Gtf]if kfPsf] 5', Tof] t /f]zg;Fu 5}g .Æ
lbbL lg?Q/ eOg\ . pgnfO{ nfUof], /f]zgsf] t'ngfdf cfkm\gf] efOnfO{ ;fgf] ;lDemlGyg\, /f]zg t p;sf] 3'F8f;Dd klg k'Ub}g .
kf]:6sf8{
k6s–k6s af]nfP klg w]/} ;fnkl5 pm lbbLnfO{ e]6\g uPsf] lyof] . pm lbbLnfO{ pbf; b]v]/ ;Gg ePsf] lyof] . 3/sf] cefj / lehfh'sf] nfdf] ladf/Ln] pgnfO{ c;dod} ladf/ agfPsf] lyof] . ljjfxsf] Ps jif{d} lbbLsf ;f}efUodf s;sf] gh/ nfu]sf] lyof] Û ;'s]sf] a]n x]bf{x]b}{ ;'s]sf] lyof] . To; a]nfb]lv cfh;Dd aL; ;fnsf] nfdf] ofqf lbbLn] h]7sf] tftf] bf]kx/Ldf gfËf] v''§fn] k"/f u/]sL lyOg\ .
hfg] a]nfdf lbbL p;sf] unfdf 6fFl;P/ hf]/hf]/n] ¿g nfu]sL lyOg\–æefO, cfpg] u/ . ca t ;do latfpg klg ;lsb}gF . w]/} yfs]sL 5' . ltdL cfof} eg] Åbodf ;s'g ldNg]5 . uNnL / rf]sdf ;d]t sf]xL klg cfkm\gf] dflg; 5}g .Æ
p;n] eljiodf cfpg] jfrf u/]sf] lyof]–æh¿/ cfpFnf, lbbL Û PdPsf] k9fO ul//x]sf] lyPF, ca Tof] k"/f eO;Sof] . tkfO{F hfGg'x'G5, gf]s/Lsf ;fy k9fO ug'{ slt cK7\of/f] 5 . To;}n] cfpg kfpFlbg .Æ
æefO Û d's]zsf] klg Wofg /fVg" .Æ 7"nf] cfzf lyof] lbbLnfO{–æp;n] b; kf; u¥of] . ltdL t ;x/df 5f} . st} ;fgf]ltgf] gf]s/L kfOof] eg] p;nfO{ klg st} gf]s/L nufpg] sfd ug'{ .Æ
s]xL ug]{ kSsf cfZjf;g kfP/ pm uof] . t/ d's]zsf nflu s] ug]{, pm ;lDem/x]sf] lyPg . p;nfO{ s'g} sf/vfgfdf g} /fVg ;lsG5 . t/ sf/vfgfdf rSs/ nufpgsf nflu labf lng'knf{ / olt labf p;Fu 5}g . Ps lbg klg k};f lagfsf] labf lnof] eg] dlxgfel/sf] ah]6 vNalnG5 t/ s]xL g s]xL ug'{knf{ .
/, pm cfndf/Laf6 kf]i6sf8{ lgsfn]/ n]Vg ;'? ub{5–lbbL Û ltdL s'g} klg lsl;dsf] lrGtf gug'{ . efUosf] rSs/ xf], h'g of] lbg b]Vg kl//x]sf] 5 . t/ df};d ;wF} Psgf; x'Fb}g . ;dosf] rSs/ k"/f ePkl5 ;a} cfkm;] cfkm 7Ls x'G5 . daf6 h] aGnf, Tof] d u¿Fnf g} .Æ
db{sf] s'/f
/f]zgnfn olt efj's x'G5 eg]/ d}n] sNkgf u/]sf] lyOgF . pm t abfd xf], aflx/af6 s8f t/ leqaf6 cToGt sf]dn / l:gUw .
;fFemsf] rf/ ah]kl5 pm cfkm\gf] afnaRrfsf] :s'naf6 cfpg] k|tLIff ug{ nfUof] . To;}a]nf d}n] ;f]w]F–…ltdLnfO{ aRrfx¿sf sf/0f 7"nf] ;d:of x'g]u5{ . b; jif{b]lv ltdL 7"nf] s7f]/ tk:of ul//x]sf 5f} . ltdLn] bf];|f] ljjfx lsg u/]gf} <Ú
pm uDeL/ eP/ la8L ;Nsfpg nfUof] t/ s]xL af]n]g .
/f]zg c6]nLdf d]/f] r'gsf] e6\6fdf kl5Nnf afx| jif{b]lv sfd ul//x]sf] 5 . pm b'O{–9fO{ lsnf]ld6/ 6f9f ufpFaf6 cfpF5 . pm laxfg} aRrfx¿nfO{ g'xfpF5 . pgLx¿nfO{ tof/ u/]/ cfkm";Fu} NofpF5 . To;kl5 aRrfx¿ :s'n hfG5g\ / pm sfddf nfUb5 . ;fFem :s'naf6 cfP/ aRrf oxLF v]Nb5g, /ftdf pm;Fu} 3/ hfG5g\ .
æha ltd||L >LdtL d/L, ltdL hjfg lyof} . 3/af/ klg 7Ls lyof], tLg ;;fgf aRrfx¿sf sf/0f ;d:of klg lyof] . To; cj:yfdf ltdLn] lsg bf];|f] ljjfx u/]gf} <Æ d}n] p;nfO{ k'gM ;f]w]sf] lyPF .
æs] ug'{x'G5, ;fxa ;f]w]/ < p;sf cfFvfsf] rf/}lt/ cfF;'n] leh]sf] lyof], of] Ps kL8fbfos syf xf] .Æ
æs'g < ToxL t d hfGg rfxG5' .Æ
æTof] ljdnf / d]/f] s'/f xf] . xfd|f] ;Fu} afFRg] s;d lyof] t/ pm kfFr jif{kl5 dnfO{ 5f]8]/ uOxfnL . ljdnf s'/fsL sRrL /lx5 afa'hL ÛÆ
æcf]xf], ;fFRr} ÛÆ
æoL aRrfx¿df dnfO{ ljdnfsf] 5fk b]lvG5, o;}n] ;Fw} cfkm\gf] ;Fudf /fVb5' . d of] eGg rfxG5' ls /f]zgnfn kl/l:ytL a'em\\b5 . db{sf] t s'/f x'G5 .Æ
kL8faf]w
pgsf] pd]/ut kl/kSjtfk|lt w]/} ;Ddfg / ;xfg'e"lt eP klg cGo kl/jf/hgh:t} d klg pgL;Fu lbSs eO;s]sf] 5' . laxfg–;fFem xfd|f] 3/ cfpg' t s'g} s'/f ePg, t/ pgL t l6eLdf lkmNdsf] lrqxf/ ;''¿ x''g]lalQs} cfP/ al;xfN5g\ . pgnfO{ oL sfo{qmdk|lt s'g} ?lr 5}g, ctM otfptfsf rrf{ ;'? ub{5g\ . pgsf] o;vfn] cj/f]wsf sf/0f s6'tf / e'ge'gfx6n] el/g' :jfefljs xf] .
ctM d}n] dg}dgdf lg0f{o u/]F ls cfh pgL cfPkl5 s'g} pkfon] pgnfO{ o:tf] df}sfdf gcfpg eGg]5' .
cfh laxfg pgL lgoldt ¿kn], lglZrt ;dodf cfP, t/ ;Fw}sf] pN6f] pbf; lyP . ctM d]/f] dgsf] efj, cf]7df cfpFbf–cfpFb} lzi6frf/df ablnof]–æcfh t xh'/ s]xL lbSs h:tf] x'g'ePsf] 5 . 3/kl/jf/df ;a} l7s t 5g\ <Æ
æhfuL/af6 cjsfz kfPkl5 dflg;sf] hLjg s]xL klg xf]Og 8f= zdf{ ÛÚ pxfFsf] Åbosf] kL8f JoQm eof], 3/df a;"F t a'xf/L aRrfx¿nfO{ b'Mv x'G5 clg c¿sf 3/ hfpF t pgLx¿nfO{ . lbge/ vfnL ;8sdf 3'Dg t ;lsFb}g .Æ
æs'/f t l7s} xf] xh'/sf], t/ c¿sf] klg cfkm\gf] ?lr / cfjZostf x'G5 .Æ d}n] eg]F .
…o;}n] ;a}sf 3/ d hfGg . c¿sf] kL8fsf] ;a} sxfF ;lDemG5g\ / Û Ps xh'/l;t cfkm\gf] s'/f u5'{, clg hfG5' . xh'/ klg w]/} Jo:t dflg; x'g'x'G5 . xh'/nfO{ klg lsg l8:6a{ u¿F <Æ
æx}g, x}g, o:tf] lsg ;f]Rg'x''G5 xh'/ .Æ d cfkm\\gf] k"j{ lg0f{osf] :d/0f cfpg] lalQs} ck/fwaf]wn] el/Psf] lyPF–of] xh'/sf] cfkm\g} 3/ xf], hlta]nf dgdf cfpF5, cfpg'' xf]nf, xfdLnfO{ s'g} b'Mv x'Fb}g\ .Æ
ljjfxsf] ;u'g
kmf]xf]/ kf]sf lnP/ pm leq;Dd cfof], t PSsfl; sltko dflg;n] p;nfO{ b'Tsfg]{ sfd u/]–…abdf;, leq sxfF hfFb}5;\ . lxF8\, aflx/ a;\,Ú
æo;sf] of] lxDdt ls ljjfxsf] d08k;Dd hfg nfu]Yof] . dfUg] xf], t aflx/ a;f];\\ . h'g ;a}nfO{ ldNNff, p;nfO{ klg ldNnf .Æ Pp6fn] eGof] .
æcfdfn] o;nfO{ 6fpsf]df r9fpg' ePsf] 5 . o;sL >LdtL oxfF gf]sgL{ 5 . o;sf] dtna of] xf]Og\ ls h] klg x'g lbpFm .Æ csf]{ dflg;n] l/;fpFb} eGof] .
ljjfxsf] z'e cj;/df dnfO{ of] cfqmf]z l7s nfu]g . To;}n] ;a}nfO{ zfGt u/]/ ;Demfpg] :j/df eg]F–æc/], leq cfof] t s] eof] Û of] s] elg/x]sf] 5, Psl5g ;'g\ .Æ
d}n] ljgd|tf / k|]dn] p;nfO{ ;f]w]F–ælsg, s] s'/f t efO < sf] ;Fu e]6g'kg]{ 5 <Æ
æxh'/cfdf ;fxal;t .Æ p;n] ckdfgn] cfxt :j/df eGof] .
æpgL t 5}gg, ahf/ uPsL l5g\ .Æ d}n] eg]F . æslxn];Dd cfpFl5g\, s]xL eGg ;lsFb}g .Æ
…To;f] eP of ;fdfg xh'/cfdf ;fanfO{ lbg'xf]nf .Æ cfkm\gf] kf]sf d]/f] tkm{ a9fpFb} p;n] eGof]–æelglbg'x]fnf, /fd];/ lbP/ uPsf] 5, efujGtLn] b'nxLsf nflu k7fPsL 5 .Æ
c¿nfO{ of] s'/f g/fd|f] nfUof] . o;af6 lng] ls p;nfO{ lbg] t/ d}n] p;sf] dg /fVgsf nflu kf]sf /fVg nufPF .
s]xL ;dokl5 cfdf cfPkl5 kf]sf vf]lnof] . p;df] ;f}–8]9 ;o ¿lkofsf] Ps ;'tL ;f8L lyof], Ps Kofs]6 r'8Lx¿ lyP, d]scksf] s]xL ;fdfg, h'g ufpFdf kfOGYof] / ;u'gsf] PSsfO; ?lkofF ;fyd} lyof] .
;u'gsf ;fdfg b]v]/ ;a}nfO{ ;k{n] sf6]sf] h:tf] ePsf] lyof] .
Hofgdfnsf] d"No
klxn] dge/ vfgf vfPkl5 vf6df ;'TYof] . p;nfO{ yfxf x'Gy]g ls slxn] cfFvf nfU5 / slxn] /ft laT5 . t/ cfh, lbge/ kl;gf aufP/ kl/>d u/]/ klg p;nfO{ lgGb|f cfO/x]sf] 5}g . lbgsf] s'/f, l;;fsf] 6'qmf h;/L p;sf] lbdfudf cfO/x]sf] lyof] .
;x/sf] 5ftLdf ag]sf] Ps eJo dxnnfO{ OlGhlgo/x¿n] vt/gfs 3f]if0ff u/]sf lyP . ctM To;nfO{ tf]8\g] cfb]z lbOPsf] lyof] .
æ;fa, of] ejgdf g sxLF rs]{sf] 5, g s'g} lbjf/ eTs]sf] 5, g s'g} sdhf]/L b]lvPsf] 5 . km]l/ of] vt/gfs s;/L eof] <Æ
æefO Û ha ejg k"/fgf] x'G5, Tof] v:g] vt/f pTkGg x'G5 . s'g} ejg v:gfn] hfgdfnsf] slt gf]S;fgL x'G5, hfG5f} <Æ pQ/df Ps OlGhlgo/n] dge/l;t g} ;f]w]sf] lyof] .
dge/ ;f]Rb5, æxfdL t kl5Nnf k}FtL;–rfnL; jif{b]lv o; ejgeGbf s}of}+ u'gf vt/gfs ejgdf /x]sf 5f}+ . xfd|f] Hofgdfnsf] s'g} vt/f 5}g s] xf] ÛÆ
p;nfO{ cfkm\gf] ljrf/ lg/y{s nfUg nfUof] . …x'FxÚ pm Joª\\Uon] a'ba'bfpF5–æd]/f] 3/df dfn g} sxfF 5 / Û 5 dflg; 5f}+, t/ u/Lasf] Hofgsf] sf]xL d"No x'Fb}g ÛÆ
x}l;ot
u0f]zL af/Daf/ la:tf/df otfptf ul//xG5 . p;Fu 9]8 xhf/ ?lkof 5, k"/f b'O{ ;fnsf] sdfO . p;n] kfO{kfO{ u/]/ 5f]/L /]vfsf] ljjfxsf nflu Tof] /sd hf]8]sf] 5 . t/ ljjfxsf] nflu cem} 5 dlxgf afFsL 5 . olt /sd cfkm";Fu /fVg l7s 5}g, rf]/rsf/sf] 8/, cfuf]–kfgLsf] 8/ .
pm ;f/f /sd, cfkm\gf] ldnsf] d]g]h/ /fdafa'sf] 6]a'ndf /fV5–æof] k};f lyof] . yf]/} o;nfO{ hdf ul/b]pm, ;fxa . xfdL u/Lasf] tkfO{F g} a}+s xf] . 5f]/Lsf] ljjfxdf lnpFnf .Æ
ljjfx glhs cfof], b; lbg afFsL 5 . nQfsk8f–uxgf, vfgflkgf ;a} ug'{ 5 . ctM u0f]zL ?lkof lng k'Uof], d]g]h/ ;fasxfF . æd]/L 5f]/Lsf] ljjfx cfof] ;fxa Û To;}n] dnfO{ ?lkofF rflxof] .Æ
æxf]–xf], n}hfpm, hlt rflxof] n}hfpm .Æ eg]/ /fdafa' ;fd'Gg] a;]/ 8fS6/ wdf{gGbsf cfFvfsf] efj k9g nfU5g\ .
æclxn] t Ps xhf/ g} lbg'xf];\, kfFr ;o km]l/ eFj/faf6 lnPF . ;f/f /sd clxn] nu]F eg] vr{ x'G5 .Æ
/fdafa' lthf]/Laf6 lgsfn]/, Ps xhf/ ?lkofsf] u8\8L, u0f]zLnfO{ ydfOlbG5g\ . u0f]zL sfof{noaf6 aflx/, 9f]sf] ;fd'Gg] pleP/ xhf/ x]g{–uGg nfUb5 .
æsdfnsf dflg; x'g'x'G5 tkfO{F klg /fdafa' ÛÆ 8fS6/ wdf{gGbsf] cfjfh lyof]–lagf n]vk9 u/]/ g} p;nfO{ Ps xhf/ ydfOlbg' eof] . efO, lng]jfnfsf] x}l;ot t x]g]{ u/ .Æ
æs] u/f}+ efO, dhb'/ ldnsf] rSsf x'G5, To;nfO{ rnfpgsf] nflu ;do;dodf u|L; lbg'kb{5 . p;sf] t 5f]/Lsf] ljjfx 5, glbg] s'g} ljsNk g} lyPg .Æ oL /fdafa' lyP .
Nff;
sfgk'/, !@ l8;Da/ -;'/]Gb| lbjfs/ . æd]/f] dg kfkL eof] ;fÚa Û d kf]i6df6{d ?dsf] glhsaf6 lg:sg] a]nf nf;nfO{ gx]/]/ /xg ;lsgF\ . hjfg / ;'Gb/ dlxnfsf] nf; lyof] . ;fÚa, To;nfO{ b]Vg]lalQs} dgdf kfk cfof] / d}n] cfkm"nfO{ /f]Sg ;lsgF .Ú of] zAb :yflgo l;lan c:ktfnsf] rf}lsbf/ hª\uaxfb'/sf], hf] p;n] nf;sf ;fy anfTsf/ u¥of], hf] lxhfsf] 36gfsf] ljj/0f lbFb} o; ;+jfbbftfl;t eGof] .
pNn]vgLo 5 ls hª\uaxfb'/nfO{ dlxnfsf] nf;sf ;fy anfTsf/ u/]sf] h3Go ck/fw u/]sf] cf/f]kdf lu/km\tf/ ul/Psf] 5 . p;n] cfkm\gf] ck/fw klg :jLsf/ ul/;s]sf] 5 .
o; Åboljbf/s 36gfn] ;flat u/]sf] 5 ls cfkm\\gf] d"n k|s[ltdf dfG5] cfh klg kz'eGbf km/s 5}g . sfdjf;gfsf] cfkm\gf] cflbd ef]ssf] t[lKtsf nflu pm nf;sf] anfTsf/ h:tf unt sfo{ ug'{af6 klg nHhfaf]w x6\b}g .
k|fKt ljj/0fsf cg';f/ hª\uaxfb'/ ljut ;ft jif{b]lv rf}lsbf/sf ¿kdf sfd ul//x]sf] lyof] . p;sf >LdtL / aRrf g]kfnsf] t/fO{df ePsf] ufpF v'Dafdf /x]sf 5g\ .
3/af/sf] ljifodf ;f]w]kl5 p;n] eGof]–æ;f…a, cfkm\\gf >LdtL / aRrfsf nflu g} d cfkm\gf] ufpFaf6 oxfF gf]s/L ug{ cfPsf] lyPF . 3/df k};f klg k7fpFy] t/ dnfO{ wf]sf eof] ;f…a Û Ps jif{kl5 ha d ufpF uPF, To;a]nf yfxf eof], d]/L >LdtL efu]/ csf{;Fu uPsL /lx5 .Æ
p;sf] cfFvf cfF;'n] el/Psf] lyof] . d cem s]xL ;f]Wg'eGbf klxn] p;n] d;Fu ;f]Wof]–æTo;kl5 s] uy]{+ ;f…a, d ufpF uP/ Û ufpFdf cfkm\gf] eGg] sf]xL klg lyPg\ .Æ
d}n] s] ltd|f] cfTdfn] ltdLnfO{ of] ck/fw sfo{ ug{sf nflu /f]s]g\ eg]/ ;f]Wbf p;n] eGof]–æklxnf] rf]l6 d}n] cfkm"nfO{ ;DemfPF, of] l7s xf]OgÙ df6f];Fu v]njf8 ug'{ wd{–lj?4 xf] . t/ bf];|f] k6s ptfaf6 cfpFbf of] kfk sfo{ u/]F====s] u¿F ;f…a, dlxnfsf] z/L/ gb]v]sf] ;ft jif{ eO;s]sf] lyof] .Æ
;+j]bgxLgtf
xfd|f] ;+j]bgfx¿ s;/L z"Go ePsf 5g\, o;sf] Ps pbfx/0f cfh ;x/sf] Jo:t k|tfkrf]ssf] glhs ePsf] b'3{6gfsf] ;do b]Vg kfOof] . Ps ;fOsn–;jf/nfO{ s'g} c1ft ;jf/L ;fwgn] 7Ss/ lbof] . nueu cfwf 3G6f;Dd 3fon o'js ToxLF t8\lkof] t/ s;}n] klg p;nfO{ c:ktfn k'¥ofpg] sfd u/]g . kmf]g u/]kl5 klg k'ln; ;dodf k'u]g / ha k'Uof], ta;Dd o'jssf] w]/} /ut au]sf sf/0f d[To'' eO;s]sf] lyof] .
of] ljifodf c¿ w]/} hfgsf/L lngsf nflu cfpg'xf];\\, ca xfdL s'/f ub{5f}+ xfd|f ;+jfbbftf pk]Gb| df]xgl;t, æpk]Gb| Û xfd|f bz{snfO{ o; 36gfsf ;DaGwdf yf]/} lj:tf/n] atfpg' xf]; .Æ
æx'G5, dlgiff Û of] 36gf nueu Ps 3G6f klxn]sf] xf] . b'3{6gfsf] s]xL ;dokl5 d 36gf:yndf k'u]sf] lyPF . d}n] b]v]F, o'jssf] 6fpsf]df rf]6 nfu]sf] lyof], /ut alu/x]sf] lyof] / pm ;xfotfsf nflu s/fO/x]sf] lyof] .Æ
æcfpg]–hfg] dflg;df s;}n] klg p;nfO{ ;xof]u u/]gg\ <Æ
æxh'/, xf] . s;}n] klg d2t u/]g\ . olb ;dodf g} c:ktfn k'u]sf] eP 3fon o'jssf] Hofg aRg] lyof] . t/ h:tf] ls kl5Nnf] Ps 3G6faf6 xfdL o; 36gfsf] nfOe 6]lnsf:6 ul//x]sf 5f}+ / cfkm\gf] bz{snfO{ elg/x]sf 5f}+ ls 3fon o'js ;8sdf v;]/ s;/L t8lkof] t/ sf]xL klg p;sf] ;xfotfsf nflu klg e]l6Pgg\ .Æ
æpk]Gb| Û dflg;x¿sf] pk]Iffk|lt tkfO{F s] eGg'x'G5 <Æ
ædlgiff Û cfh dflg; k"/} ;+j]bgxLg eO;s]sf 5g\ . s;}sf] 3fp of kL8fn] pgLx¿nfO{ s'g} klg lng'lbg' 5}g . o:tf] l:yltdf dnfO{ sljj/ 8f= /fdlgjf; dfgjsf] Ps bf]xf ofb cfO/x]sf] 5–
cfFvf] k/ k/bf k8f, hdL Åbo k/ ub{ .
lkm/ s;} cg'ej s/]+, ls;L cf}/ sf bb{ ..
log} zAbsf ;fy …lk=l6jLÚ sf nflu Sofd/fd]g dgx/ TofuLsf ;fydf d pk]Gb| df]xg, lejfgL -xl/of0ff_ .
csf]{ Ps cledGo"
k'ln;, k|zf;g, kqsf/, bnfn / ;dfhsf c¿ 7]s]bf/ ;a} pm Ps PSnf] dflg;l;t ql;t lyP . / ;a}nfO{ pm;Fu u'gf;f] lyof] . pm ltgLx¿ s;}nfO{ klg /lQe/ jf:tf ub}{gYof] . p;n] unt sfo{k|0ffnL / e|i6frf/nfO{ r'gf}tL lbO/x]sf] lyof] . bf];|f] zAbdf pm r'gf}tL ag]sf] lyof], pgLx¿ ;a}sf nflu .
ctM pm;Fu s;/L d'sflanf ug]{, of] ljifodf uDeL/ ;/;Nnfx x'g yfNof] . h;/L af9Lsf sf/0f af3 / afv|f] Ps} :yfgdf /xg ljjz x'G5g\, l7s To;/L g} pgLx¿ klg sltko b[li6n] Ps bf];|fsf lj/f]wL eP klg, cfh Ps d~rdf cfpg ljjz lyP . ctM Ps csf]{ cledGo"sf] 3]g{sf nflu rqmJo"x /rgf ul/of] .
pm cyf{t\\ bf];|f] cledGo" 8g{ / em'Sg hfGb}gYof] . p;nfO{ lsGg' s;}sf] jzsf] s'/f lyPg . /f]6L Kofh vfP/ / vfbLsf] s'tf{ kfOhfdf clg Knfl:6ssf] rKkn nufP/ u'hf/f ug]{ p;nfO{ s;}n] lsGg ;s]sf] lyPg .
t/ <
s]xL g s]xL t ug'{ g} lyof] . ctM sltko uf]kgLo a}7s / uDeL/ lrGtg–dggkl5 of]hgf aGof] . csf]{ lbg ;a} ;dfrf/kqdf Ps va/ cfof] æPs ;dfh;]jLaf6 cGtjf{tf{ lng cfPsL dlxnf kqsf/sf] rl/qxggsf] l3gf}nf k|of; .Æ
/, Tof] ;'/df, Tof] cledGo", ;f/f dxf/yL ldn]/ klg h;sf] s]xL laufg{ kfPsf lyPgg, cfh Ps} ufnL rNg'eGbf klxn] ahf/df w/fo;L eof] .
cfkm\gf] dflg;
@) dfr{, @))$
Kl08t dfwjsfGthL, laxfg–laxfg} 3'Db}, dsxfF cfpg'eof] . pxfFn] eGg yfNg'eof]–ætkfO{Fsf] lgnDagsf] ;dfrf/ ;f/f cvaf/df 5flkPsf] 5, 7"nf] abgfdL eO/x]sf] 5 . d hfGb5', tkfO{FnfO{ unt lsl;dn] km;fOPsf] 5 t/ ;+;f/sf] s] s'/f ug'{ . xh'/sf lj/f]wL t w]/} v';L 5g\ .
@! Dffr{, @))$
kl08t dfwjsfGthL cfh laxfg} k'gM d sxfF cfpg'eof] . eGg'eof]–æcfdf w]/} l/;fpg' ePsf] 5 . eGg nflug\, zdf{ w]/} kmf]xf]/ dflg; xf] . va/bf/, o:tf dflg;nfO{ xfd|f] 3/ Nofof} t Û ltdL klg p;sf 3/ uof} eg] ltd|f] v'§f sfl6lbg] 5' .Æ
cem, ;xfg'e"lt b]vfpFb} pxfF af]Ng yfNg'eof]–æt/ d t cem klg cfO/x]sf] 5' . gcfP eg] tkfO{F ;f]Rg'xf]nf, klG8thLn] klg cfpg aGb ul/lbg' eof] . ctM dflg;x¿sf] jf:tf gu/]/ cfpg] ub{5' .Æ
@# dfr{, ;g @))$
cfh laxfg cfpg] lalQs} kl08thLn] cem oxL ljifodf s'/f ug'{eof] . eGg nfUg'eof], ædflg; tkfO{F d]/f] ;a}eGbf glhssf] ldq x'g'x'G5 eg]/ hfGb5g\ . ctM pgLx¿ dl;t ljleGg lsl;dsf k|Zg ;f]W5g\, ca s;s;nfO{ ;DemfpFm <Æ
#) dfr{, @))$
k"/f Ps xKtfkl5 kl08t dfwjsfGt cfpg'eof] . pxfFsf] xftdf s]xL lgdGq0ffkq lyP . Ps lgdGq0ffkq dtkm{ a9fpFb} eGg'eof], æef]ln gflt cfz'tf]ifsf] ljjfx 5 . tkfO{FnfO{ lgdGq0ffkq glbPF eg] tkfO{F ;f]Rg'xf]nf, kl08thLn] dnfO{ e'Ng'eof] .Æ
d lgdGq0ffkq lnP/ To;nfO{ vf]Ng nfu]F . o;eGbf klxn] g} pxfF af]Ng'eof], æd]/f] Ps k|fy{gf 5 tkfO{Fl;t . d}n] lgdGq0ffkq t lbO;s]sf] 5' t/ d]/f] k|lti7fsf] Vofn u/]/ tkfO{F ljjfxdf gcfpg'xf]nf .Æ
k|Tofqmd0f
p;nfO{ h] klg ul/of], Tof] ;fFRr} eoª\s/ lyof] . p;sf lj/f]wL gLrtfsf] ;Ldf;Dd k'Ug]5g\ . of] t p;n] ;f]r]sf] klg lYfPg . p;nfO{ ljefuLo dlxnf sd{rf/Ll;t b'Jo{jxf/ u/]sf] em'7f] cf/f]k nufOPsf] lyof] . p;sf] rl/qxTofsf ;fy;fy} kRrL; jif{ k"/fgf] hfuL/ ;d]t ;dfKt ul/Psf] lyof] . t/ xb t To;a]nf eof], p;sf lj/f]wL oltdf dfq yfldPgg\ . pgLx¿n] o; 36gfnfO{ cf8 agfP/ p;sf] ;fj{hlgs alxisf/sf] cfXjfg ;d]t u/] .
pm lbSs eP klg xf/]sf] 5}g . pm hfGb5 ls wd{–cwd{sf] dxfef/t xf] / of] dxfef/t p;nfO{ lhTg' cfjZos 5 . o; dxfef/tnfO{ lhTgsf nflu p;n] zq'sf] xltof/sf] k|of]u ug'{kb{5 eg] klg To;af6 k/ efUg' x''Fb}g . cflv/ wd{/fh o'lwli7/n] klg dxfef/tdf c;Tosf] ;xf/f lng'k/]sf] lyof]–…cZjTyfdf xtf]xt M .Ú cfh p;sf] lg0f{o b[9 lyof] .
ctM p;n] ;dfrf/kqdf :ki6Ls/0f lbof]–æd]/f lj/f]wL dnfO{ abgfd ug{sf nflu h'g 36gfsf] cf8 lnO/x]sf 5g\, Tof] ;j{yf em'7f] / dgu9Gt xf], hfFr ;ldltn] klg o;nfO{ l;4 ul/;s]sf] 5 . o; k"/f 36gfqmdsf kl5sf] ;To km/s 5, h;nfO{ d]/f lj/f]wL aflx/ Nofpg rfxFb}gg\ . Tof] ;RrfO of] xf] ls d]/f] pQm lj/f]wLx¿sf] s;}sf] >LdtLl;t, s;}sf] alxgLl;t, s;}sf] 5f]/Ll;t cj}w ;DaGw lyof] .Æ
o;kl5 p;sf lj/f]wLx¿nfO{ sf6] klg /ut lg:sFb}gYof] .
Dff]rf{aGbL
æof] ;a}eGbf /fd|f] df}sf xf] ;/ Û ef]lnsf] a}7sdf of] sfd x'g'kb{5 . g/fd|f] nfO{ =====.Æ
æTof] t l7s 5 t/ a}7sdf d PSnf] t x'Fb}g . k|aGw ;ldltsf] h?/L jflif{s a}7s 5 . ;a} dflg; xf]nfg .Æ
æTo;df s] 5 ;/ Û tkfO{F k"/fgf] jlsn x'g'x''G5 . s'g} klg lrhnfO{ ;DxfNg tkfO{F /fd|/L hfGg'x'G5 .Æ
æl7s 5 efO, t/ dbfgsf] kb l:js[t 5 . /f]huf/ /fd|f] 5, sfdsfh klg l7s 5, lk|lG;kn t p;nfO{ w]/} /fd|f] dfGb5 .Æ
æof] ;a} t ;fFrf] xf] . t/ tkfO{F hfGg'x'G5 ls pm lxhf]sf] s]6f cf+lzsdf 5, t/ klg xfd|f] slt klg jf:tf ub}{g . sGkmd{ ePkl5 t pm s;}nfO{ klg ;f]Wg] 5}g .Æ
æca s] x'g ;S5 < tkfO{F g} s'g} af6f] b]vfpg'xf];\ .æ
æaf6f] 5 ;/ Û d}n] sRrL uf]nL v]n]sf] 5}g . pm 7"nf] n]vs aGg vf]H5 . p;sf] Ps n]v, w]/} lbg eof], …jL/e"ldÚ df 5flkPsf] lyof] . d}n] To;lbg To;sf] k|lt ;Dxfn]/ /fv]sf] lyPF, of] x]g'{xf];\ .Æ
æt/ of] t ;flxlTos n]v xf] .Æ
æ/fd|f], t/ tkfO{Fn] o;nfO{ of] lsl;dn] k]; ug'{ ls===tkfO{F SofDk; k|aGw ;ldltsf] dxf;lrj x'g'x'G5, p;sf] :yfoLsf] ;jfn cfPdf tkfO{F lj/f]w ug'{xf];\ / n]v b]vfP/ elglbg'xf];\ ls p;n] j}Zo SofDk;df eP/ klg j}Zo–;+:yf / j}Zo–;dfhsf lj?4 n]v]sf] 5 . of] ;a s;/L ;xg ug{ ;lsG5 <Æ
æt/ of] n]vdf t o:tf] s]xL klg 5}g .Æ
æ;/ Û of] n]v s;}n] k9]sf] 5}g . tkfO{Fn] eg]kl5 ;a}n] ljZjf; ug]{5g\ / To;kl5 Ps ldg6sf] t sfd 5 .Æ
æolb k|fWofks–;+3n] p;sf] ljifo p7fof] eg] <Æ
æTof] ;a d ;DxflnxfN5', ;/ Û d b; jif{b]lv SofDk; k|fWofks ;+3sf] cWoIf To;} ag]sf] x}g .Æ
lg0f{o
k|frfo{n] cWoIfx¿sf] ;ldlt agfP/ 8f= zdf{sf] ;do;fl/0fL ;DaGwL lhDd]jf/L p;nfO{ lbg'eof] .
;a} cWoIf, ;do;fl/0fL x]/]/ 8f= zdf{sf] kIf ;'g]kl5 o; lgZsif{df k'u] ls 8f= zdf{nfO{ kSs} klg cGofo eO/x]sf] 5 . pxfFnfO{ b'Mv lbgsf] nflu o:tf] ;dotflnsf lbOPsf] 5 ls Tof] klxnf]b]lv gf} 3G6L;Dd kml;/x"g\, nGr;Dd nUg g;s"g\ .
ctM ljefufWoIf 8f= w:dfgfl;t 8f= zdf{sf] ;dotflnsf kl/jt{g ug{ eGg] lg0f{o eof] . t/
PsfPs jfl0fHo ljefusf cWoIf 8f= l;+xn] eGg'eof]–æof] s]jn ;dotflnsf l7s ug]{ ;jfn dfq geP/ o;df cGo s'/f klg hf]l8Psf 5g\ .Æ
æs'g s'/f <Æ s]xL ;xof]uLx¿n] hfGg rfx] .
æof] cWoIf / ljefufWoIfsf] ljjfb xf] .Æ 8f= l;+xnn] :ki6 u/], æolb tkfO{Fn] 8f= zdf{sf] kIf lng'eof] eg] o;n] c¿ slgi7x¿nfO{ df}sf ldNg]5 .Æ
æof] t l7s 5 t/ 8f= zdf{sf] ;d:of klg t cfkm\gf] 7fpFdf 5 .Æ 8f= u+ufhnn] eGg'eof] .
æof] tkfO{F ;f]Rg'xf];\ ls 8f= zdf{sf] ;d:of 7"nf] 5 ls tkfO{Fsf] <Æ
æs] dtna <Æ
ædtna ;fkm 5 . ef]ln tkfO{Fsf] s'g} slgi7 tkfO{Fsf] ljkIfdf ;d:of ag]/ pleG5 eg] To;a]nf s] ug'{x'G5 .Æ
s]xL ;do ;a} r'k nfu] . Psl5g kl5 cfFv} cfFvfdf ljrf/ ljdz{ eP/ ;j{;Ddltn] lg0f{o ul/of]— æ8f=zdf{ ;dotflnsf ;DaGwL cfkm\gf] ljjfb cfkm\gf ljefufWoIf 8f= w:dfgfl;t k|fy{gf u/]/ ;'Nemfpmg\ . olb cem klg ljjfbsf] cGTo ePg eg] To;nfO{ ;dfKt dflgg] 5 lsgls cWoIfaf6 s'g} klg ;xof]uLnfO{ s'g} klg 3G6L lbg ;lsg] 5 .Æ
r]tfjgL
k|f]= /fh]z zdf{n] cfkm" slgi7 eP/ klg 8f= wd{kfn dlnsnfO{ gd:t];Dd gu/]sf] dlnssf] u'gf;f] lyof] . ctM pgn] lk|lG;kn aGg] lalQs} zdf{nfO{ ;}6 ug]{ ;f]r] . Ps lbg ;'ljrfl/t if8oGq u/]/ zdf{nfO{ cfkm\gf] sfof{nodf af]nfP .
ætkfO{Fn] lxhf] bf];|f] 3G6Lsf] jfl0fHosf] sIff k9fpg' ePg <Æ
æd;Fu tL sIff 5}gg, ;/ ÛÆ
æsf] eG5, 5}g .Æ
æd eG5' c¿ sf] eG5 .Æ
æ8f= cZjd'vn] dnfO{ eGg'ePsf] 5 ls Tof] sIff tkfO{F;Fu 5 / ljBfyL{ klg oxL elg/x]sf 5g\ .Æ
æof] ;/f;/ c;To xf] . 8f= cZjd'v sf] x'g\ < d]/f] ;dotflnsfsf af/]df eGg] <Æ
æc;To pgL x}g, tkfO{F af]ln/xg' ePsf] 5 .Æ
æ7"nf] cfZro{sf] s'/f xf] . ;dotflnsfsf] k|lt tkfO{Fsf] d]hdf tkfO{Fs} ;fd'Gg] /x]sf] 5 . tkfO{F To;nfO{ gx]/]/ 8f= cZjd'vsf] egfOdf nfu]/ dnfO{ em'7f] cf/f]k nufO/xg' ePsf] 5 .Æ
8f= dlnsn] Ps b[li6 cfkm\gf] d]rdf, l;;fsf] tn nfu]sf] ;dotflnsfdf k¥of], t pgL cflQP . km]l/ cg'xf/ kl/jt{g u/]/ eg]–æb'O{ 3G6L g ;xL, tkfO{Fn] s'g} c¿ sIffdf k9fpg' ePg xf]nf .Æ
æd}n] s'g} sIff 5f]8]sf] lyPg\, t c;To s'/f s;/L dfg"F . cfh t];|f] lbg xf] sIff ;'¿ ePsf] / tkfO{F elg/xg' ePsf] 5 ls======,Æ
æl7s 5, sIff 5f]8]sf] xf];\ of gxf];\, t/ ca g5f]8g" .Æ
æsdfn 5, ;/ Û ha d}n] cfh;Dd s'g} sIff 5f]8]sf] 5}g t casf lbgdf g5f]8g'sf] s] dtna <Æ
æh'g s'/f d}n] elg/x]sf] 5', Tof] tkfO{Fsf] enf]sf nflu elg/x]sf] 5' .Æ
æTof] t l7s 5, d em'7f] cf/f]k slxNo} klg :jLsf/ ulb{gF . olb d}n] s'g} sIff 5f]8]sf] 5 eg] :ki6 eGg'xf]; ls ca / s'g====.Æ
ætkfO{F s;/L af]ln/xg'ePsf] 5 < ax; ul//xg'ePsf] 5 d;Fu . w]/} ;do eO;s]sf] 5, tkfO{F d;Fu a]sf/sf s'/f ul//xg'ePsf], ca d c¿ ;xg ug{ ;lSbgF .Æ
æd}n] Pp6f klg unt s'/f u/]sf] 5}g, ;/ ÛÆ
æhfg'xf];\, tkfO{F hfg'xf];\ oxfFaf6====/ ofb ug'{xf];\, d lk|lG;kn x'F, tkfO{Fsf] ljkIfdf PS;g klg lng ;Sb5' .Æ
æ;f} rf]l6 PS;g lng'xf];\, tkfO{F .Æ eg]/ k|f]= zdf{ lglZrGt efjn] :6fkm ¿ddf cfP/ a;] . s]xL ;dodf rf}lsbf/n] pgnfO{ Ps lr7L lbP/ uof] . h;sf] ljifo lyof]–ælk|lG;knl;t b'Jo{jxf/ u/]sf]df s8f r]tfjgL .Æ
k|f]= zdf{nfO{ nfUof], h:tf] of] r]tfjgL xf]Og, lk|lG;knsf] rl/qxLgtfsf] k|df0fkq xf] . To;}n] pgn] To;nfO{ 6'qmf6'qmf u/]/ kmf]x/sf] 6f]s/Ldf kmflnlbP .
Kfm};nf eO;Sof]
p;nfO{ ljleGg cf/f]kdf lu/km\tf/ u/]/ cbfntdf NofOPsf] 5 . ca ljleGg wf/fx¿ cGt{ut p;dfly cleof]u nfUg]5 .
pm ;/f;/L lx;fan] Ps b[li6 cbfntdf pkl:yt dflg;df nufpF5 . pm b]Vb5\–hf] JolQm GofofwLzsf] s';L{df a;]sf] 5, p;dfly /S;LaGbsf] ;dodf cj}w /S;L a]r]sf] cf/f]k nfu]sf] lyof] .
hf] JolQm ;/sf/L jlsnsf] ¿kdf p;sf] ;fd'Gg] plePsf] 5, p;dfly xTofb]lv ckx/0f;Ddsf d'2f rln/x]sf 5g\ .
hf] JolQm ;/sf/L ujfxsf ¿kdf p;sf] ;fd'Gg] plePsf 5g\, tLdWo] slt 3'; lnFbflnFb} klqmPsf 5g\ t sltko anfTsf/;Ddsf cf/f]k nfu]sf 5g\ .
oxL ;a} dflg; ldn]/ p;sf] d''2f ;'Gg]5g\ . p;nfO{ nfU5, h:tf] p;sf] d'2fsf] km};nf klxNo} eO;s]sf] 5 .
k|yd k|lt
gofF >LdtLh:t} gofF 5flkPsf] lstfadf klg s]xL o:tf] cfsif{0f x'G5 ls p;nfO{ k6sk6s x]g]{ dg ub{5 . >LsfGthL klg cfkm\gf] 8«fOª ?ddf cfkm\gf] gjk|sflzt sljtf s[ltnfO{ cf]N6fOkN6fO x]l//x]sf] lyof] .
—;ª\u|x /fd|f] lgl:sPsf] 5 . sfuh, lk|lG6ª, u]6ckm ;a uha . x]b}{df dgdf df]xgL nufpF5 .
—/rgf klg s'g} sd 5}g .
—s'n ldnfP/ ;ª\u|x b:tfj]hL ag]sf] 5 . h:sf] klg xftdf hfg]5, dHhfn] hfg]5 .
pxfF oxL sNkgfdf 8'Ag'ePsf] lyof] ls gf]s/n] Ps k':ts kf;{n NofP/ ;fd'Gg] /fVof]–æclxn] x'nfsL lbP/ uPsf] 5 .Æ
pgn] w]/} pT;fxsf ;fy kf;{n vf]n] . c/], of] t cfkm\g} gofF sljtf–;ª\u|x zAb–zAb ;ldwfsf] k|lt xf] . rG9Lu9af6 s'g} /dg u'Ktfn] k7fPsf 5g\ . ;fydf Ps lr6\7L klg 5 .
pgL em6k6 lr6\7L k9\5g\ . n]lvPsf] 5–lxhf] ;]S6/ ;qsf] ahf/df uO/x]sf] a]nf, km'6kfydf /x]sf] Ps saf8L ahf/sf] k;ndf /2L lstfadf tkfO{Fsf] Ps dlxgf klxn] k|sflzt lstfa /x]sf] b]v]/ x}/fg ePF . Tof] lstfa lsg]/ tkfO{FnfO{ k7fO/x]sf] 5' .Æ
lr6\7L k9]/ lhpFb} d/] h;/L k':tssf] kfgf kN6fPkl5 pgsf] cg'xf/sf] /ª\u Psbd p8\of], h;/L 6f]s/Lsf] lasf]{ vf]Ng] lalQs} ;k{sf] ;fdgf ug'{k/]sf] xf];\ . ;dk{0f kfgfdf n]lvPsf] lyof]–æd]/f] lk|o ;fyL=========nfO{ k|yd k|lt, ;fb/–;k|]d ;dlk{t .Æ
/ To;sf] tn pxfFsf] x:tfIf/ lyof]–>LsfGt ef/åfh .
5gf}6–k|lqmof
æx]nf] Û sf] <Æ
æd ;'ljwf, ;'ljwf ;xun, lbNnLaf6 ÛÆ
æc/] Û ;'ljwfhL tkfO{F Û eGg';\ s] 5 xfnva/ <Æ
æd l7s 5', tkfOF{ klg l7s x'g'xf]nf <Æ
æcF, oxfF klg ;a l7s7fs 5 . eGg';\, cfh s;/L ofb ug'{eof] <Æ
ævfnL Tolts} /GhghL Û ;f]r]F, w]/} lbgeof], o;}n] kmf]g u/]F .Æ
æd]/f] of]Uo s'g} sfd eP eGg'xf];\ .Æ
æyfxf ePsf] 5, ;flxTo Ps]8]dL rog ;ldltdf o;k6s tkfO{F klg x'g''x'G5 .Æ
æcF . Ps]8]dLn] agfPsf] 5 .Æ
ælxGbL sljtf–k'/:sf/sf] bf}8df d klg 5' . Ps]8]dLaf6 k7fOPsf] k':tssf] kf]sf ef]ln;Dd kfOg] 5 tkfO{FnfO{ . tkfO{Fsf] cflz{jfb rflxof] .Æ
æ;'ljwfhL, xfd|f] cfzL{jfb t ;Fw} tkfO{F;Fu /x]sf] 5 / /xg]5 t/===== .Æ
ætkfO{F w]/} jif{b]lv ;xun kmfpG8];gsf] cWoIf x'g'x'G5 . kmfpG8];g k|ltjif{ b'O{–b'O{, rf/–rf/ nfvsf sltko k'/:sf/ lbG5 .Æ
æxf], xf], ;fFRr} l7s eGg'eof] tkfO{Fn] .Æ
æTo;f] eP s'g} k'/:sf/sf nflu /Ghg ld>sf] gfddf klg ljrf/ ug'{xf]nf .Æ
æ/GhghL Û tkfO{F Ps]8]dLjfnf k'/:sf/sf] s'/f ;DxfNg'xf];, d kmfpG8];gjfnf sfd x]g]{5' .Æ
æPs]8]dL k'/:sf/ t ;lDemg'xf];\\, tkfO{Fn] kfpg'eof] ;'ljwfhL ÛÆ
æTo;f] eP tkfO{F klg cfZj:t x'g'xf];\ /GhghL Û jif{ @)!) sf] rf/ nfvsf] dftf d"lt{ k'/:sf/ xh'/n] g} kfpg'x'g] 5 ÛÆ
;Ddfg
æcfhsn dflg;x¿df ;DdfGg ug]{ sfdnfO{ wGbf agfO;s]sf 5g\ .Æ 8f= lzjsfGt …kt+ufÚ elg/x]sf lyP–æca ld>fnfO{ g} x]/\, lbNnLdf tLg lbgsf] ;x;|fAbL ;Ddfg ;df/f]xÚ /fVof] . dflg;x¿nfO{ d"v{ agfP/ yfxf 5}g, slt===== agfof] .Æ
;fd'Gg] a;]sf 5f]6fdf]6f ;flxTosf/ …xfF–x'FÚ ul//x]sf lyP .
…kt+ufÚ hL cem cufl8 a9]–æt/ p;n] lbPsf] ;Ddfg dnfO{ olt g/fd||f] nfUof] ls d ;Ddfgkq af6fdf g} kmfn]/ cfPF .Æ
æP]F, of] s] elg/xg'ePsf] 5 <Æ Ps k|Zg d]/f] dgdf cfof] .
…kt+ufÚ hLsf] ;Ddfg ;df/f]xsf] klxnf] lbg lyof] / d]/f] bf];|f] lbg . bf];|f] lbg …kt+ufÚ hLsf] laxfg laxfg} dnfO{ kmf]g cfPsf] lyof] . pgn] ;f]w]sf lyP–ælbNnL ;Ddfg ;df/f]xdf uO/xg'ePsf] 5 <Æ
æhfFb}5' .Æ d}n] eg]F .
ælxhf] d]/f] ;Ddfgkq st} af6fdf x/fof] . ca d t s;}nfO{ b]vfpg nfos g} /x]g . tkfO{F cfh hfFb} x'g''x'G5 ld>fhL, d]/f] nflu bf];|f] k|df0fkq agfP/ NofOlbg'xf]nf kSsf . pxfF tkfO{F;Fu /fd|/L kl/lrt x'g'x'G5 . tkfOF{ eGg'eof] eg] t agfOlbg' xf]nf .Æ
/, d}n] agfP/ klg NofPsf] lyPF . ;Ddfgkq kfP/ …kt+ufÚhLsf] d'vaf6 cs:dft lgl:sPsf] lyof]–æca aGof] s'/f .Æ
pg} …kt+ufÚhL cfh of] s] elg/x]sf 5g\ < ctM dnfO{ of] c;Xo ePkl5 eg]F–æt/, …kt+ufÚhL tkfO{Fn] t ======.Æ
æc/], tkfO{F klg p;sf] nf]edf kg'{eof] .Æ d]/f] jfSo k"/f x'g'eGbf klxn] g} pgn] eg]—æd h:tfnfO{ gaf]nfP/ s;/L rNnf p;sf] uf]/vwGbf ÛÆ
Dffg–ckdfg
lxhf] pgsf] ;fj{hlgs clegGbg ePsf] lyof] . cfh b}lgs …;Gb]zÚ df ;df/f]xsf] lj:t[t l/kf]6{ 5flkPsf] 5 .
sfgk'/, @! Gff]e]Da/ -lj=_ . cfh oxfF k|Voft gf6\osdL{ / gf6ssf/ 8f= /3'j/ /GhgnfO{ :yfgLo …?lSd0fL b]jL ;efuf/Údf cfof]lht Ps ljzfn ;df/f]xdf, ;fj{hlgs clegGbg ul/of] . jStfx¿n] 8f= /Ghgsf] JolQmTj Pjd\ s[ltTj af/]df k|sfz kfb}{, pgnfO{ ljlzi6 gf6\osdL{ / ck|ltd gf6ssf/sf ¿kdf kl/ro lbP .
d'Vo cltly, /fHosf lzIffdGqL >L lu/wf/Lnfn Jof;n] 8f= /GhgnfO{ pQ/Lo / clegGbgkq e]F6 u/] . pgnfO{ …/+u>LÚ pkflwaf6 ;Ddflgt ul/of] . o; z'e cj;/df Ps eJo …8f= /Ghg clegGbg–:dfl/sfÚ klg k|sflzt ul/of] . ;+of]hs, >L /lj df]xgsf cg';f/ ;df/f]x w]/} ;kmn eof] .
l/kf]6{ k9]/ pgL ubub eP . of] ;dfrf/ k9]/ w]/} dflg;n] 6]lnkmf]gaf6 awfO{–;Gb]z lbO;s]sf 5g\, sltn] :jo+ cfP/ kL7 ykykfP/ uP .
æ/lj df]xghL cfpg'ePsf] lyof] . xh'/n] ;df/f]xsf vr{sf nflu h'g krf; xhf/ ?lkofF P8efG; lbg'ePsf] lyof] To;n] pQ/Lo, clegGbgkq, :dfl/sf, kmf]6f]u|fˆ; / lrofgf:tfsf] lan a'emfO;lsPsf] 5 elg/xg' ePsf] lyof] .Æ n]vs dxf]bonfO{ lgGb|faf6 Ao'FlemP h:t} pgsL >LdtLn] atfOg\ .
æx"F .Æ pgn] o;eGbf cl3 s]xL af]Ng ;s]gg\ .
ædfOs, 6]G6, cflbsf] Ps xhf/sf] lan cem} pwf/f] 5 . Tof] klg lbOof] .Æ eg]/ kTgLn] lan pgsf ;fd'Gg] 6]a'ndf /flvlbOg\ .
lan b]Vg]lalQs} 8f= /GhgnfO{ nfUof], cvaf/df h] 5flkPsf] 5, Tof] ;a c;To xf] . dflg;x¿sf] gh/df pgsf] ;Ddfg ;fFRr} a9] klg cfh pgL cfkm\gf] gh/df tn vl;;s]sf 5g .
;Gbe{ M uf]nLsfG8
vtf}nLdf ePsf] uf]nLsfG8sf] ;dfrf/ laxfg …;Gb]zÚ df 5flkPsf] b]v]/ ;f/f kqsf/ x}/fg eP . ha ;dfrf/ gk7fpg] lg0f{o ePsf] lyof] eg] Tof] s;/L 5flkof] <
ctM ;a} ;+jfbbftfx¿n] …;Gb]zÚ sf] lhNnf ;+jfbbftf >Ls[i0f tg]hfnfO{ ;dft]–æltdLn] of] ;dfrf/ lsg k7fof} <Æ
æefOx¿ Û s'/f of] xf]===kqsf/ ;fyLx¿ nfO{ a}7sdf a;fpFb} tg]hfn] :ki6 kf¥of]–…lxhf] /flt nfnf a]gLk|;fb cfpg'ePsf] lyof] . /flt d d'8df x'G5', of] tkfO{F ;a hfGg'x'G5 . ctM pxfFn] o; ;dfrf/df d]/f] x:tfIf/ u/fpg'eof] / cfkm\gf dfG5]af6 l;wf …;Gb]zÚ sfof{no k7fOlbg' eof] .Æ
ætF / t]/f] d'8sf] P];LsL t};L . tF las]sf] 5;\ . xfdLnfO{ sd;]sd tFaf6 oltsf] cf;f lyPg\ .Æ
æltdL h] klg ;Dem . nfnfn] h'g pkxf/ lbPsf 5g\, Tof] h:tfsf] To:t} /x]sf] 5, x]l/xfn .Æ eg]/ p;n] cfndf/L vf]Nof] t lxJf:sLsf] l;naGb sf6'{gnfO{ b]v]/ ;asf] cfFvfsf] rds a9\of] .
æluˆ6nfO{ kl5 x]/f}+nf .Æ
æ:kli6s/0f Û nfnf / rf}w/L b'j} x/fdL 5g\, of] t ;k{ / hf6sf] n8fFO xf] .Æ
æl7s 5 . h:tf] ;asf] rfxgf .Æ
csf]{ lbg Ps ;dfrf/, …;Gb]zÚ ;lxt ;a} cvaf/sf d'Vo k[i7df 5flkof], zLif{s lyof]–æuf]nLsf08nfO{ /fhgLlts /ª\u lbg] k|of; .Æ of] ;dfrf/ :jo+ >Ls[i0f tg]hfn] cfkm\gf] xftn] n]v]sf] lyof] .
xTof
rf}/fxfdf rrf{ rln/x]sf] lyof] . k"l0f{df xTofsf08sf ;a} cf/f]kL cf/f]kd'Qm eP . t/ k|Zg of] lyof] ls ha k"j{ cf/f]kLx¿n] p;nfO{ df/]gg\ t s;n] df¥of] <
of] uDeL/ k|Zgsf] ;/n pQ/ Ps ;fdfGo dflg;l;t lyof]–sfg'gn] .
gSsnL PgsfpG6/
tyfslyt gSsnL PgsfpG6/ dfdnfdf pRr Gofofnon] k''ln; clwIfs kL=P;= /GwfjfnfO{ cfhLjg sf/fjf;sf] ;hfo ;'gfof] . To; 36gfdf dfl/g] JolQm Ps ljz]if wd{sf] lyof] . o;}n] p;sf] ck/flws k[i7e"ldnfO{ lsgf/df /fv]/ /fhgLlts bnx¿, dfgjclwsf/sf] :joDe" kIfw/ / ldl8ofn] o:tf] dfxf]n agfof] ls hgdtsf] bafadf GofofnonfO{ klg d'7e]8nfO{ gSsnL 3f]if0ff ug'{k¥of] .
/GwfjfnfO{ ha cbfntaf6 aflx/ nluPsf] lyof] To; a]nf Ps kqsf/n] ;f]Wof]–ætkfO{Fsf] k|ltlqmof <Æ
æhh ef/L ;'/Iffsf aLr, ;'/lIft sf]7fdf a;]/, Gofosf gf6s ub{5g\ .Æ /Gwfjfn] pQ/ lbP–æolb pgL ;'/Iff 3]/faf6 aflx/ cfP/ cbfnt nufpF5g\ eg] To;kl5 yfxf x'g]5 ls ;To s] xf] <Æ
ædtna====<Æ
ædtna pxL hfG5, hf] t:s/L, ckx/0fsf/L / cftª\sjfbLsf aLr /x]/ sfd ub{5 . ;'/lIft sf]7fdf a;]/ Gofo ug]{x¿ s] hfg"g\ ls k'ln;nfO{ s:tfs:tf ljs6 kl/l:yltdf sfd ug'{kb{5 .Æ
ægSsnL PgsfpG6/sf ;DaGwdf tkfO{F s] eGg'x'G5 <Æ
ægSsnL PgsfpG6/ xfdLn] x}g, cfh Gofokflnsfn] u/]sf] 5–Ps st{Jolgi7 k''ln;–clwsf/LnfO{ k''/:sf/sf 7fpFdf ;hfo lbP/ .Æ
klxnf] uf]nL
pm d'lvofsf] eJo kmfd{xfp;sf] glhs, p;sf] au}rfdf b'gfnL aGb''s lnP/ n's]/ a;]sf] 5 . laxfg eO;s]sf] 5 . dxndf cfpg] hfg] ;a} dflg;df p;sf] b[li6 k/]sf] 5 . pm b'ljwfn] u|:t 5 . cfh pm ToxfF h] ug{ uO/x]sf] 5, Tof] unt xf] of ;xL, ;lDemg ;s]sf] 5}g . pm o:tf] ug{ kfpF5 ls kfpFb}g, pm Tof] klg hfGb}g . p;sf cfFvfdf ;fd'Gg] ljut rnlrq h;/L 3'ld/x]sf] 5 .
oxL d'lvofsf] cfjf/f 5f]/fn] p;sL >LdtLnfO{ anfTsf/ u/]sf] lyof] . p;n] k'ln;df l/kf]6{ n]Vg rfx\of] t/ l/kf]6{ n]lvPg . bafa k/]kl5 l/kf]6{ n]lvof] t/ To;df sf/jfxL ePg .
p;n] cfTdxTofsf] wdsL lbPkl5 k'ln;n] d''lvofsf] 5f]/fnfO{ k'ln; rf}sLdf af]nfof] . p;n] oxfF klg p;nfO{ / p;sL >LdtLnfO{ gËf u/]/ lk6\of] / Hofg dfg]{ wDsL lbP/ eufof] .
ha d'lvofsf] 5f]/f p;nfO{ / p;sL >LdtLnfO{ lkl6/x]sf] lyof], To;a]nf k''ln;jfnf lgn{Hhtfsf ;fy xfFl;/x]sf lyP . ;f]lw/x]sf lyP–æxfdLnfO{ klg eg, ;fxan] s;/L anfTsf/ u/]sf lyP <Æ
pm l/;n] sfFKof] . p;sf] g;f km8km8fpg nfu], d'6\\7L sl;of] . leq sxLF Ps Hjfnfd'vL km'6of] .
p;n] crfgs d'lvofsf] 5f]/f ejgaf6 aflx/ cfPsf] b]Vof] . pm s]xL ;f]RYof], ;lDemGYof], To;eGbf klxn] g} aGb'ssf] l6«u/ bAof]–klxn] g} uf]nL d'lvofsf] 5f]/fsf] 5ftLsf] kf/ lgl:s;s]sf] lyof] .
ho >L/fd
lbgdf /fddlGb/–lgdf{0fsf] hd]/ lj/f]w ug]{ g]tfn] 3/ k'u]kl5 /fdgfdL cf]9\of] / l;w} /fdhLsf] d"lt{sf] cl3 uP/ lgx'l/P/ eGof]–ædfkm u/ eujfg Û s';L{sf] afWotf 5, gq dlGb/–lgdf{0f t d klg rfxG5' .Æ
sflkm/
p;n] sˆo"{u|:t pHofnf]df kfOnf rfn]sf] lyof] ls Ps eofgs k|Zg ;'g]/ sfFKof]–æsf] xf} ltdL <Æ
æb]Vb}gf}, Ps dflg; x'F, ladf/ aRrfsf] a'jf . cf}ifwL lngsf nflu lg:s]sf] x'F .Æ cfkm"lt/ cfFvf tl//x]sf] cg]s hf]8L cfFvfnfO{ p;n] Ps} ;f;df eGof] .
æxfdL h] ;f]lw/x]sf 5f}+, To;sf] pQ/ b]pm .Æ k|Zgsf ;fy cfb]z klg hf]l8Psf] lyof] .
æd]/f] s'/fdfly ljZjf; 5}g, tkfO{FnfO{ < ;fy} lxF8]/ d]/f] t8lk/x]sf] Ps dfq ladf/ aRrfnfO{ x]g'{xf];\ .Æ p;n] cf}ifwLsf] vfnL l;;L b]vfP/, hln/x]sf] cfFvfnfO{, s]xL lr;f] agfpg] k|of; u¥of] .
æaRrfnfO{ df/ uf]nL .====l5§} of] atfpm ls ltdL sf] xf}, gq=====.Æ o; k|Zgdf, cfb]z / r]tfjgL Ps};fy lyof] .
æd tkfO{FnfO{ dfG5] nfUb}g s] xf] <Æ pQ/df p;n], 8b}{, ;DxflnFb} cfFvf tb}{ eGof] .
PsfPs, v'nf ePsf] xft ;lxt Ps hf]/bf/ jfSo, p;sf] dl:tisdf 7f]lsof], æof] ;fnf h?/ sflkm/ xf], gq cfkm"nfO{ lsg dfG5] eGYof] ÛÆ
cftª\sjfbL
cftª\sjfbLaf6 /flqa; ;]jfsf] ofqLx¿sf] xTof u/]kl5 ;"rgf ldn]kl5 cfwf /ftdf g} ;Qfwf/L bnsf gu/ zfvfsf] a}7s af]nfOof] . Ps sfo{stf{n] cfj]zdf cfP/ eGof], ækfgL 6fpsf]af6 uO;s]sf] 5 . ca pgLx¿nfO{ o:tf] dhf rvfpg'k5{ sL xh'/cfdf ofb cfpg\ .Æ
a}7sdf pkl:yt ;a} dflg; of] s'/faf6 ;xdt lyP .
t/ k|Zg lyof] ls o; 36gfaf6 hgefjgf s;/L e8sfOg] 5 . k'ln; / k|zf;gsf cg's"n Jojxf/ eP klg olb dflg;x¿n] s]xL u/]gg\ eg] olt dflg;sf] dfl/g'sf] s] nfe <
…s] hgefjgf e8lsgsf nflu rf}+tL; a; ofqLx¿sf] lgd{d xTof w]/} 5}g / <Æ Ps cGo sfo{stf{sf] k|Zg lyof] .
ægfFO ÛÆ ;efkltn] :ki6 u/]–æ;ft jif{b]lv eO/x]sf] xTofsf08x¿sf] va/ k9]/–;'g]/ dflg; olt cEo:t eO;s]sf 5g\ ls ca pgLx¿dfly o:tf 36gfsf] s'g} c;/ x'Fb}g . Ps d/f];\ rfx] aL; . pgsf nflu ;a a/fa/ 5g\ .Æ
ctM o; ;DaGwdf s] ug]{ xf]nf, o; ljifodf /ft 9Ng] a]nf;Dd uDeL/ 5nkmn eof] .
laxfg x'Fbf;Dd a; ofqL xTofsf08sf] va/sf ;fy, Ps hf]/bf/ xNnf klg jgsf] cfuf] h;/L k"/} gu/df km}lnof] æcftª\sjfbLn] ofqLx¿sf] xTof ug'{eGbf klxn], hjfg dlxnf ofqLx¿nfO{ gfË} dfq u/]gg\ ls pgLx¿sf] u'KtfËdf aGb'ssf] gfnL=====/ ====pgLx¿ ?g s/fpg yflng\ .Æ
cfwf 3G6fd} k"/f ;x/, ;nfO{ / dl§t]n lnP/ cftª\sjfbLsf] vf]hdf ;8sdf cfO;s]sf] lyof] .
r]tfjgL
cfh r]tfjgLsf] clGtd lbg lyof] . ckx/0fstf{x¿n] b; h"g;Dd p;sf ;fyLnfO{ h]naf6 aflx/ glgsfn] aGws agfPsf b'O{ ko{6sdWo] Pssf] xTof ug]{ wDsL lbPsf lyP . ha ckx/0fsf/Lsf] dfu ;/sf/af6 k"/f ePg, To;a]nf Ps aGbLsf] cfFvfdf k§L afFw]/ / xts8L nufP/ uf]Ko :yfgaf6 aflx/ NofOof] . p;nfO{ uf]nL xflgg] ;dodf leqaf6 bf];|f] aGws s/fof]–æx'Fb}g, o;nfO{ gdf/ . o;sf abnf dnfO{ df/\ .Æ
uf]nL xfGg tof/, ckx/0fstf{nfO{ cfZro{ eof] . æx/]s dflg;x¿nfO{ 8/n] k|f0f ;'lsxfN5, h;/L xf];\, ar]/ efUg rfxG5 t/ of] d'v{ bf];|f]sf nflu lsg dg{ rfxG5 <Æ PsfPs p;sf] dgdf k||Zg pTkGg ePkl5 p;n] hfGg rfx\of]–ælsg of] ltd|f] s]xL nfU5 / < hf] p;sf nflu dg{ rfxG5f} <Æ
æx}g, To;f] t of] d]/f] s]xL nfUb}g, t/ dfgjLotfsf gftfn] d]/f] efO xf] .Æ
æcf]xf] Û ltdL dfgjLotfsf gftfn] efO nfUg] o; dflg;sf nflu dfgjLotfsf gftfn] dg{ rfxG5f} .Æ
æx}g, of] s'/f klg x}g .Æ
æTo;f] eP <Æ ckx/0fsf/Lsf] cfZro{ cem al9/x]sf] lyof], æTo;f] eP lsg dg{ rfxG5f}, o;sf nflu <Æ
æo;sf/0f ls of] cfkm\gL a"9L ljwjf cfdfsf] Ps dfq 5f]/f xf], pgsf] a"9];sfnsf] ;xf/f . olb pgnfO{ s]xL eof] eg] pgL lhpFbf lhpFb} dg]{l5g\ lar/L .Æ
æt/ ltdL d¥of} eg] t ltd|f cfdfa'jfnfO{ s]xL x'Fb}g .Æ
æx'G5, cjZo, t/ pgLx¿nfO{ ;DxfNg] d]/f b'O{ efO c¿ klg 5g\ .Æ
p;sf] s'/f ;'g]/ ckx/0fstf{n] aGb's ToxLF kmflnlbof] / cfFvf k'5]/ uf]Ko :yfgsf] leq uof] .
zflGtsf] åLk
;fDk|bflos bª\ufsf ;dodf, cNk;ª\Vosx¿nfO{ ;a}eGbf a9L vt/f wSsf a:tLsf dflg;;Fu lyof] . cfunfuL, n'6kf6 / df/kL6df ;a}eGbf cl3 log} dflg; /xG5g\ . o;}n] wSsf a:tLsf] glhs a;]sf cNk;ª\Vos kl/jf/sf] t h:tf] Hofg g} uO/x]sf] lyof] . …ca s] x'G5 jfx] u'? <Ú t]hfl;+xsf] 3/df hDdf ePsf, ;a} dflg;sf] eolet cg'xf/df oxL Ps k|Zg lyof] .
Ps} l5gdf, ha cf7–b; nÝLwf/Ln] t]hfl;+xnfO{ cfjfh nufPkl5 ;a}sf] k|f0f ;'Sof] . 9f]sfsf] Kjfnaf6 x]bf{ yfxf nfUof] ls ls;gf, aAa", uAa" ;a} 5g\ . PseGbf Ps v'ª\\vf/ / dflgPsf abdf; . ca s;}sf] v}/ 5}g . o;}n] t]hfl;+x 9f]sf vf]Ngsf nflu p7bf ;a}n] OGsf/ u/]–æof] s] ul//x]sf] 5f} . pgLx¿df /ut r9]sf] 5 . r'krfk a;\ . d¥of}+ eg] Ps};fy d/f}+nf .Æ
æt]hfl;+x ÛÆ ls;gfsf] cfjfh lyof]–æ9f]sf vf]n, x]/ slt dflg; cfPsf 5g\, ltdLx¿ ;Fu e]6g .Æ
æ8l//x]sf 5f} s] xf] < c/] efO, k"/} pd]/ l5d]sdf /x\of}F, ca xfdL;Fu klg 8/fpF5f} <Æ of] aAa' lyof] .
æxfdL ltdLx¿nfO{ of] eGg cfPsf 5f}+ ls xfdL x'Fb} ltdLx¿nfO{ s;};Fu 8g]{ cfjZostf 5}g .Æ uAa'n] :ki6 kf¥of] .
æt/, pgLx¿sf] s'/fdf s;}nfO{ klg ljZjf; eO/x]sf] lyPg . lxhf]sf u'G8f / abdf; Psbd s;/L ablng ;S5g\ . 9f]sf vf]Ng] lalQs} yfxf 5}g, s] u5{g\ . 3/sf] ;fdfg / 5f]/La'xf/Ldfly gh/ xf]nf, abdf;x¿sf] .Æ u'/dLt sf}/n] cfkm\gL hjfg 5f]/LnfO{ cfkm"lt/ tflgg\ .
æca t 9f]sf vf]Ng' g} knf{ . tkfO{Fx¿ x/]s cj:yfsf nflu tof/ /xg'xf]nf . ha dg'{ g} 5 eg] axfb'/Ln] xfF:b}xfF:b} d/f}Fnf .Æ eg]/ t]hfl;+xn] 9f]sf vf]Nof] .
Ps}l5gdf ;a} n6\7Lwf/L, 3/df cfPk'u] . dlxnf / aRrfx¿sf] d'vaf6 8/fPsf] cfjfh lgl:sof] .
t/ of] s] < ls;gfn] vf];]/ t]hfl;+xnfO{ cª\sdfn u¥of] / aAa" clg uAa" 9f]sfsf] b'j}lt/ hd]/ a;], æx]/f}+, ca s'g cfdfsf] 5f]/f oxfF cfFvf p7fP/ x]b{5 . t]hfl;+x, of] ltd|f] ;'/Iffsf ;fy} xfd|f] ;'/Iffsf] klg ;jfn xf] . xfd|f] a:tLdf xfdL x'Fb} ltdLnfO{ s;}n] s]xL eg]/ uof] eg] xfdL pgLx¿nfO{ gdfl/sg db}{gf}+ .Æ
lbg lgl:sPkl5 bª\ufn] pu| ¿k lnof] . dflg;x¿sf] cfzª\sf ePh:t} bª\ufOx¿sf] g]t[Tj wSsf a:tLjfnfn] g} ul//x]sf lyP . cfh pgLx¿n] cfkm\gf] sfo{If]q a9fP/ k"/f ;x/df bª\uf a9fO/x]sf lyP t/ wSsf a:tLsf] l5d]sL cNk;ª\Vos kl/jf/ ;d'b|L t'kmfgdf zflGtsf] åLk h;/L k"0f{tof zfGt / ;'/lIft lyP .
l6s6sf] cfwf/
pkr'gfjsf nflu kf6L{ pDd]bjf/sf] 5gf}6 ug{sf nflu Ps /fli6«o kf6L{sf] d'Vofnodf cGtjf{tf{ rln/x]sf] lyof] . ;a} pDd]bjf/l;t Ps} k|Zg ;f]lwPsf] lyof], …tkfO{FnfO{ g} kf6L{ l6s6 lsg lbg'k5{ <Ú
;a} pDd]bjf/n] o; k|Zgsf] cnu–cnu pQ/ lbP .
klxnf] af]Nof]–æd}n] cfkm\gf] hLjg ;fj{hlgs If]qdf, hgtfsf] ;]jfdf latfPsf] 5' . d]/f] cfkm\gf] hgfwf/ 5 . d of] l;6 lhT5' .Æ
bf];|f] af]Nof]–æd ;w}F kf6L{sf] akmfbf/ ;}lgs ePF / tgdgwgn] kf6L{sf] ;]jf u/]sf] 5' .Æ
t];|f]n] :ki6 u¥of]–æd]/L cf:yf l3;'–dfwf] kl/jf/df 5 . d}n] ;wF} x/]s kl/l:yltdf o; kl/jf/sf] nflu sfd u/]sf] 5' . emf8' / gf/f nufpg'sf ;fy} a'y sAhf;Dd d}n] sfd u/]sf] 5' .Æ
rf}yf]sf] pQ/ lyof], æd]/f] cf:yf kf6L{ cWoIf ;fwf]hLdf 5 . d t pgsf] ;fgf] gf]s/ x'F, pgsf nflu h]klg ug{;S5' . l6s6 kfPkl5 pgsf] c¿ ;]jf u5'{ .Æ
kfFrf} dflg;n] klg sf/0f atfof]–æd]/f] cf:yf t kf6L{ cWoIfsf] r/0fdf 5 . d t pgsf] h''Qf p7fpgsf nflu g} /fhgLltdf cfpg nfu]sf] 5' . olb dnfO{ kf6L{n] l6s6 lbof] eg], d o;/L g} hgtfsf] ;]jf ul//xg] 5' .Æ
/ cGtjf{tf{kl5, of]Uotfsf cfwf/df kfFrf} pDd]bjf/nfO{ hgtfsf] ;]jfsf] nflu ;jf{lws pko'Qm ;Dem]/ kf6L{n] r'gfjsf] l6s6 lbof] .
sf/0f
b'O{ jif{sf] bf}8w'kkl5, w]/} d'l:snn] 5f]/L clgtfsf nflu Ps ;'of]Uo j/ kfOPsf] lyof] . t/ p;nfO{ klg p;sf lktfn] c:jLs[t u/]kl5 >LdtLn] o;sf] sf/0f yfxf kfpg ;lsgg\ .
æs]6f] ;'Gb/ / ;'zLn lyof], 3/af/ klg l7s} lyof], zf;g–uf]q klg ldn]sf] lyPg, t/ klg xh'/ p;nfO{ c:jLs[t u/]/ cfpg'eof] ÛÆ
æcF .Æ >Ldfg af]n] .
æt/ lsg <Æ
ælsgls To; 3/df 5f]/Lsf] OHht ;'/lIft lyPg\ <Æ
æs]6fsf] 3/ k''ln;===rf}sLsf] ;fd'Gg] kb{5 , To;}n] .Æ >LdtLsf ;a} k|Zgsf] Ps} jfSodf, pQ/ lbof] >Ldfg\\n] .
tGb'/L lrsg
æltdL o; s]6L of o:t} s'g} klg s]6LnfO{ cfkm\gf] lghL kfx'gf3/ of kmfd{ xfp;df nUg ;SYof] t/ ltdLn] of] abgfd 7fpFdf Nofpg] s] cfjZostf lyof] <Æ
Ps d;fh kfn{/af6 s]6Lsf ;fy klqmPsf] Ps lau|]sf] wgL dflg;l;t k'ln;–clwsf/Ln] ;f]Wbf p;sf] hafkm lyof], ætGb'/L lrsgnfO{ xf]6ndf vfgdf h'g dHHff x'G5, ;/ Û Tof] p;nfO{ 3/df nu]/ vfgdf sxfF ÛÆ
Joj:yf
/S;L / of}gef]sn] kfun ePsf rf/ bl/Gbf To; c;xfo o'jtLsf] OHhtl;t d'v sfnf] ul//x] . l;sf/Lsf xftdf k/]sL 3fon lx/gL ;/x Tof] o'jtL 56k6fpg'sf cltl/Qm s] ug{ ;SyL / <
o'jtLsf] ;f/f z/L/ n'l5Psf] lyof], skfn g/fd|/L pNem]sf] / 5l/Psf] lyof], sk8f k"/} tf/tf/ ePsf] lyof] . p;sf] cfF;'n] el/Psf] cg'xf/ a8f s?0f / sft/ nflu/x]sf] lyof] . pm clxNof ag]/ plePsL lyO{, hfcf];\ t hfcf];\ sxfF <
tL rf/} ;Gt'i6 eP/ cfk;df s'/f ul//x]sf lyP .
æca larf/L c:ktfndf uP/ d]l8sn hfFr u/fpnL .Æ
ærLkm d]l8sn ckm;/ t d]/f gft]bf/ 5g\ .Æ
æs'g} /fhg]tf;Fu Gofosf] leIff dfUnL .Æ
æOnfa'sf] ;a}eGbf k|efjzfnL g]tf t d]/f] bfh' xf] .Æ
æTo;f] eP ca pm k''ln; rf}sLdf uP/ l/kf]{6 unL{ .Æ
æx}g, yfg]bf/ o; ljifodf xfdLeGbf lgb{oL 5 . s]; btf{ ug'{eGbf klxn], p;n] ;ayf]s ug{ rfxG5, h'g s'/f xfdLn] ul/;s]sf 5f}+ .Æ
æTo;f] eP Gofofnosf] 9f]sf v6v6fpnL .Æ
æo;n] s] x'G5 < ltdL hfGb}gf}, d ;x/sf] ;a}eGbf gfd rn]sf] k};fjfn jlsnsf] 5f]/f x'F . sf]6{df p;nfO{ a]OHhtL / abgfdLeGbf s]xL kfOg] jfnf 5}g .Æ
æxfo, t Tof] sxfF hfnL larf/L .Æ
æpm of] h] eof], ;a} s'/f e'n]/ ca r'krfk cfkm\gf] 3/ hfcf];\ .Æ
of] s'/f ;'g]/ ls+st{Joljd"9 plePsL o'jtLsf sbd la:tf/}–la:tf/} cfkm\gf 3/tkm{ a9\g nfu] .
;k{
t8ft8 tLg n6\7L k/]kl5 ;k{, t8k]/ ToxLF d¥of] .
Ps dflg; af]Nof], …d}n] o;/L hd]/ lk6]sf] lyPF ls Ps}rf]l6 ;k{sf] k|f0f lgl:sof] .Æ
æltd|f] n6\\7L l7s 7fpFdf nfu]sf] lyPg . ;k{ d]/f] n6\7Ln] d/]sf] lyof] .Æ bf];|f] dflg;n] eGof] .
æltdL b'O{ em'7f] af]ln/x]sf 5f} .Æ t];|f]n] eGof]–æolb d]/f] n6\\7L gnfu]sf] eP ;k{ dg]{ g} lyPg . ltdLx¿sf] n6\7L vfP/ t ;k{ pN6f sf6g kf] cfPsf] lyof] .Æ
æem'7f] ÛÆ Ps;fy klxn]sf b'O{hgfsf] d'vaf6 lgl:sof] . cem Ps af]Nof]–æ;k{nfO{ df¥of}+ xfdLn] / >]o ltdL lng rfxG5f}+ ÛÆ
æof] laNs'n} x'g ;Sb}g .Æ bf];|f] dflg; af]Nof] .
s'/f aGof], s'/f lalu|of] . s]xL ;do klxn] h'g n6\7L ;k{df rn]sf] lyof], Tof] ca Ps bf];|f dflg;df rln/x]sf] lyof] . Pp6fsf] 6fpsf] km'6\of], bf];|f]sf] sd/ 6''6\of], t];|f]nfO{ klg uDeL/ rf]6 nfUof] . tLg} hgf e"OFdf t8lk/x]sf lyP .
d/]sf] ;k{n] tLg} dflg;nfO{ 8:of] .
cfuf]
6f]ndf cfuf] nfu]sf] lyof] . pm oxL ;f]r]/ 9''Ss lyof] ls cfuf] w]/} 6f9f 5 / p;sf] 3/ k"0f{tof ;'/lIft 5 .
cfuf] s]xL glhs cfof], To;kl5 p;nfO{ yf]/} lrlGtt agfof] t/ p;n] ca klg s]xL ug]{ cfjZostf ;Dem]g . cfuf] p;sf] l5d]sLsf] 3/;Dd k'Uof], To; a]nf pm xftdf xft /fv]/ al;/x\of] .
æl5d]sLsf nflu pm cfkm\gf] xfy lsg hnfcf];\ ÛÆ dg}dg pm ;f]Rg nfUof] .
ca hNg] kfnf] p;sf] 3/sf] lyof] . cfuf] a'emfpgsf nflu pm s]xL ul/;SYof], To;eGbf klxn] g} cfuf], p;sf] 3/nfO{ v/fgLdf abn]/, csf]{ 3/;Dd k'lu;s]sf] lyof] .
bf}8
d w]/} ;dob]lv p;sf] ultljlwnfO{ x]l//x]sf] 5' . pm, x/]s cfpg]hfg] ;jf/L ;fwgnfO{ /f]Sg] ;+s]t ul//x]sf] 5 t/ s;}n] klg /f]Sg' t k/} hfcf];\\, sf]xL p;sf] tkm{ x]g{ g} dflg/x]sf 5}gg\ . p;sf] xfpefpaf6 :ki6 5 ls pm b]zsf] s'g} b''u{d 7fpFaf6 cfPsf] cgk9 ufpFn] xf], hf] ;DejtM klxnf] rf]l6 d'DaO{h:tf] dxfgu/df cfPsf] 5 / oxfFsf] tf}/tl/sfaf6 laNs'n} ckl/lrt 5 .
dnfO{ pm s'g} JolQm geP/ b]zsf] clt lk5l8Psf] ufpF nfU5 . hf] t]h ultdf bf}l8/x]sf] dxfgu/l;t elg/x]sf] xf];\–æk|ultsf] o; bf}8df, s]xL 6f9f;Dd, dnfO{ klg ;fy lnP/ lxF8 dxfgu/ ÛÆ t/ s]xL ;dokl5 /f]s]/ p;sf] ;ª\\s]tnfO{ a'em]/ p;sf] efjgfnfO{ ;lDemg] km';{b sxfF 5 dxfgu/nfO{ Û
clxn] d]/f] lrGtg, Tof] ufpFn]sf] k|of; / dxfgu/sf] bf}8 hf/L 5 .
d'lQm
aFw'jf dhb'/sf] d''lQmsf nflu ;jf]{boL g]tf, k'ln;sf] lgu/fgLdf 6«s lnP/, OF6f e§fdf k''Uof] . p;sf] cfxjfgdf ;a} dhb'/, tTsfn cfkm\gf] ;fdfg lnP/, hfgsf nflu tof/ eP .
6«ssf] glhs cfP/, dhb'/x¿sf] d'lvofsf] v'§f PsfPs /f]lsof] . p;n] / p;sf] ;fydf cfPsf ;a}n] cfcfkm\gf ;fdfg hldgdf /flvlbP .
æhfpFm, hfpFm, cfcfkm\gf ;fdfg l5§} 6«sdf /fVg'xf];\ .Æ ;jf]{boL g]tfn] eGof] .
;a} dhb'/ p;nfO{ x]g{ yfn] . pm r'k /x\of] .
æa'w/fd Û s] s'/f xf] efO Û lsg r'k 5f} < cfkm\gf ;fyLx¿nfO{ ;fdfg /fVgsf nflu eg g ÛÆ
d'lvof ca klg r'k lyof], h:tf] ls s]xL ;f]lr/x]sf] xf];\ . ;jf]{boL g]tfn] ;Dem\of], oL k'ln;jfnfl;t 8l//x]sf 5g\ . ctM pgLx¿l;t ;ª\\s]t u/]/ af]Nof]–…oL l;kfxL ltdLnfO{ s]xL eGg] 5}gg\ . logL t xfd|f] ;fy 5g\ . ltd|f] d'lQmsf nflu cfPsf 5g\ .Æ
æ;fÚa Û d]/f] efUodf t oxL n]lvPsf] 5 .Æ d'lvof af]Nof]–æcfh oxfF geP, bf];|f] e§fdf dhb'/L ug'{knf{ .Æ
æTof] lsg===<Æ
æof] e§faf6 t d'Qm ug'{xf]nf, t/ ef]saf6 s;n] d'Qm u/fpF5, ;fÚa ÛÆ
Uof/]G6L
vfB–;'/Iff sfg'g aGg] s'/f ;'g]kl5 xf]/LsL >LdtL wlgof w]/} v';L lyOg . >Ldfgsf] hGdhft ¿Gr] cg'xf/ b]v]/ eGg nfuL æca lsg d'v tn kf/]/ a:g'ePsf] 5 < ;/sf/n], xfdL u/Lasf nflu vfB–;'/Iff sfg'g agfPsf] 5, of] t /fd|f] s'/f 5 uf]a/sf a'jf ÛÆ
æxF ÛÆ s]xL pT;fx b]vfPg xf]/Ln] .
æn l7s 5, ca xfd|f aRrfx¿sf] ef]s / s''kf]if0fsf] ;d:of t ;lsg] 5 . laxfg–;fFem k]6e/ vfgf kfPkl5 t logsf] ult klg s]xL ;'lw|g] 5 .Æ
æHofbf v';L gxf]pm ltdL ÛÆ xf]/Lsf] dgsf] 8/ aflx/ cfof], æh;} dg/]ufaf6 bnfnx¿sf] h]a el/Psf] 5, To;}u/L o; sfg'gaf6 klg larsf bnfnsf] ef]s d]l6g] 5 .Æ
æTo;f] eP sfg'gL Uof/]G6L s'g s'/fsf nflu <Æ
æu/Lasf] nflu t vfnL ef]s g} Uof/]G6L xf] . hf] p;nfO{ hGd x'Fb} lagf s'g} Uof/]G6L, lagf s'g} sfg'gn], :jtM ldNg] ub{5 .Æ
nfnl6g
nfnlsNnfb]lv lnP/ af]6 Sna;Dd, b; lsnf]ld6/ nfdf] nfn ;fu/ nx/fO/x]sf] 5 . b]zsf] s'gfs'gfaf6 cfPsf sfd/]8, cfhsf] o; ¥ofnLdf ;dfj]z x'gsf nflu lbNnLsf] sfgdf cfjfh lbO/x]sf 5g\ …r]t\ lbNnL, xfdL ltdLnfO{ n'6g xf]Og, hufpg cfPsf 5f}+ <Æ
æcfhsf] o; ¥ofnL clxn];Ddsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ¥ofnL geP klg of] ¥ofnL lbNnLsf] 7"nf] ¥ofnLdWo] Ps xf] .Æ d cfkm\gf] ;fyL kqsf/ /d]z tnjf/nfO{ cfkm\gf] cg'dfg k|:t't ub{5' .
æcjZo g} . 5 klg 7"nf], cg'zfl;t / dflg; klg ha/h:tL geP/ cfkm\gf] OR5fn] cfPsf b]lvG5g\ .Æ /d]zn] o;} 7fpFdf ePsf] klxn]sf /}nL / jfdkGyL bnx¿af6 cfof]lht cfhsf] ¥ofnLsf] rl/qsf] km/s :ki6 u/]/ eg] .
nfnlsNnfdf nfn lgzfg b]Vg] ;kgf dgdf ;hfP/ sfd/]8 nfOg nfu]/ lxFl8/x]sf 5g\ . s;}n] u'8rgf of ;ft'sf] kf]sf NofPsf 5g\ t s;}sf] emf]nfdf k'/L 5 . d}n] tL dflg;dWo] Ps hgfnfO{ /f]s]/ ;f]w]F– æsxfFaf6 cfPsf xf} <Æ
æls;gu9L ufjFaf6, d'/}gf lhNnfdf k5{ .Æ
æltdLnfO{ NofOPsf] xf] of cfkm} cfPsf] xf} <Æ
æs;n] NofpF5 ;fa Û cfkm\gf] OR5fn] cfPsf] x'F . cfkm} af6f] vr{ u/]/, cfkm\gf g]tfx¿sf] efif0f ;'Gg .Æ
/d]zsf] s'/fsf] k'li6 eO;s]sf] lyof] .
cg'xf/x¿n] ;fkm b]lvPsf] lyof] ls sltko sfd/]8 lbNnLaf6 cfPsf 5g\, v';L 5g–sf]xL lbNnL b]v]/ t sf]xL 5f]n]–e6'/] vfP/ . pl8;fsf a"9f] u0f]z k6gfos v';L 5 ls p;n] cfkm\gf] k|yd lbNnL ofqfdf g} dgk/]sf] ;fdfg lsg]sf] 5 .
æo;df s] 5 <Æ p;sf] y}nfsf] tkm{ ;ª\s]t u/]/ /d]zn] ;f]Wof] .
pm eml:sG5, t/ cg'/f]w u/]kl5 b]vfP/ eG5–ænfnl6g xf] .Æ
xfdLnfO{ nfUof], of] a"9f] dflg; pg} nfvf}F dflg;sf] k|tLs xf], hf] Ps nfnl6g cyjf /f]zgLsf nflu, o:tf k|sf/sf ¥ofnLx¿df bf}l8P/ cfpF5g\ .
æt/ oL /fhgLlts bn / g]tf s] pgLx¿nfO{ Ps nfnl6g lbg ;Snfg\ <Æ xfdL b'j}sf cfFvfdf Ps k|Zg plePsf] lyof] .
;'gsf] r}g
pm k|ltlbg /f]xts a;kfs{df e]l6G5 . cfpg]–hfg] a;df 3'd]/ ;'gsf] r}g a]Rb5 . dnfO{ r}g a]Rg] p;sf] sfd cgf}7f] dfq nfUb}g ls d To;af6 k|efljt klg x'G5' .
cfh pm cfof] / a;df a;]sf ofqLx¿nfO{ r}g b]vfP/ eGg nfUof], æx]g'{xf];\ ;fx]ax¿, xh'/x¿sf] a; lxF8\\gdf clxNo} b'O{ ldg6sf] ;do 5=====a;, of] b'O{ ldg6 tkfO{Fsf] nflu xf] <Æ
emf]nfaf6 r}g lgsfn]/, p;n] eGg hf/L /fVof]–æxh'/x¿df s'g} efO hfGg'xf]nf, d unfsf] r}g a]Rg] ub{5' . cfh klg ToxL lnP/ cfPsf] 5' . t/ xh'/, of] r}g xfd|f] sDkgLn] ljz]if lsl;dn] agfPsf] 5 . d"Nodf bd 5}g t/ ;'gdf klg s]xL sdL 5}g .Æ
pm k|To]s lbg, Psgf; pxL s'/f bf]x/fO/xG5–æuf]nLn] nufP klg, sfnLn] nufP klg, efph"n] nufcf];\, ;fnLn] nufcf];\ . tkfO{F ;f]lr/xg' ePsf] 5, of] r}g w]/} dxª\uf] xf]nf . tkfO{F k;ndf hfg'xf]nf, t k;n]n] of] r}g tkfO{FnfO{ aL;–kRrL; ?lkofF eGbf sddf lbFb}g, t/ xfd|f] sDkgLn] o;sf] d"No /fv]sf] 5 s]jn b; ?lkofF .Æ
r]gnfO{ b]vfpFb} p;n] eGof]–æb; ¿ko], b; ¿ko], b; ¿ko] . Ps xh'/sf], xh'/nfO{ klg dxfzo, Ps xh'/nfO{ klg .Æ r]g lnP/ hfg'xf]nf t d'lgof v';L xf]lng\, d'lgofsL cfdf v';L xf]lng\ . To;} klg cfh b; ?lkofFsf] s'g} d"No 5}g . xh'/ lbgs} b;–aL; ?lkFof kfg, la8L jf lrofdf vr{ ug'{x'G5 . cfh b; ?lkofFdf of] r]g lsg]/ nUg'x'G5 eg] b'u'gf nfe x'G5–xh'/ klg v';L, 3/sf dflg; klg v';L .Æ
g/f]lsP/, s'g} 6]kl/s8{/ ;/x of] ;a eGbfeGb} of] r}g b]vfP/, a;df k5fl8 bf}8g nfUof] . pm ;a};Fu r}g lsGgsf nflu elg/x]sf] lyof], d;Fu klg eGof]–æxh'/ klg n}hfg'xf]; ;fxa .Æ
t/ d}n] r}g lsGg]sf] ;§f p;};Fu ;f]w]F–æefO Û olb ltd|f] r}g olt g} /fd|f] 5 eg], o;nfO{ cfkm\gL 5f]/L / >LdtLnfO{ lsg nufpg lbFb}gf} <Æ
d]/f] k|Zg ;'g]/ pm s]xL uDeL/ eof] / eGg nfUof]–æpgLx¿nfO{ r}gsf] geP/ /f]6Lsf] cfjZostf 5, ;fxa . olb d}n] of] r}g pgLx¿sf] nflu nu]F eg] pgLx¿ s] vfg]5g\ <Æ
s]aL;L–s]aL;L
lqkfndf a;]sf aRrf …s]aL;L–s]aL;LÚ v]ln/x]sf lyP . Ps aRrf cldtfe aRrg ag]sf] lyof], clg bf];|f] …x6 l;6Ú df a;]/ p;sf k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg yfNof] .
æcf]x, ;xL pQ/ 5 tkfO{Fsf] .====ax't v'a, ax't v'a, v'a v]Ng'eof] tkfO{F ÛÆ cldtfe ag]sf] aRrfn] eGof] .
bz{s ag]sf aRrfn], hf]/n] tfnL ahfP/ p;sf] s'/fnfO{ ;dy{g u¥of] .
æcf=====Û tkfO{Fn] k"/f kfFr xhf/ lhTg' ePsf] 5 . ax't v'a, awfO{===Û awfO{ . sdfn ug'{eof] tkfO{Fn] .Æ cldtfe ag]sf] aRrfn] k'gM eg]kl5 cem tfnL aHof] / w]/} a]/;Dd aHb}/x\of] .
jftfj/0f zfGt ePkl5 ljh]tf aRrfnfO{ cldtfen] ;f]w], …olt 7"nf] /sd s] dxŒj /fVb5 / of] /sdn] s] ug'{x'G5 <Ú
æd]/f nflu of] /sd 7"nf] dxŒj /fVb5 ;/ ÛÆ ljh]tf aRrfn] eGof]–æof] /sdn] d cfkm\gf] k9fOsf] ;kgf k"/f ug]{5', lbbLsf] ljjfxdf vr{ ug]{5' 5' . a'9f cfdfa'jfsf nflu Ps /fd|f] 3/ agfpg] 5' .Æ
æw]/} /fd|f] Û w]/} /fd|f] ljrf/ 5 tkfO{Fsf] Û t/ of] /sdn] oL ;a s'/f ;Dej 5g\ t <Æ
æ;/ Û of] ;a lrh xfd|f] efUodf sxfF 5 / Û xfdL t s]jn sNkgf ug{ ;S5f}+ / sNkgf ug{sf nflu kfFr s/f]8 lhTg' h¿/L t 5}g .Æ
rnlrq
rnlrq rln/x]sf] lyof], hf] JolQm clego ul//x]sf] lyof], p;sf] g efj lyof], g :j/ g ;ª\uLt . oxfF;Dd ls rnlrqsf] k6syf / ;+jfb klg sf]xL c¿n] n]v]sf] h:tf] lyof] . To;nfO{ lgb]{zg klg c¿ g} dflg;n] ul//x]sf] lyof] .
dnfO{ nfUof], Tof] cleg]tf sf]xL c¿ geP/ d :jo+ x''F / d s'g} rnlrq x]l//x]sf] 5}g . d cfkm\g} syf ;'lg/x]sf] 5' .
eujfg\
eujfg\hL eQmx¿sf] Jojxf/n], ltgsf] n]gb]gaf6 lbSs eO;s]sf lyP . pgn] Ps cfFvfn] x]/] ls eQmx¿åf/f k"hfsf] yfnLdf r9fPsf Ps–Ps, kfFr–kfFr, b;–b;sf ;f/f l;Ssf / gf]6 ldnfP/ d'l:snn] ;o–b'O{ ¿lkofF xf]nf . o; ;fdfGo e]F6sf abnfdf eQm pgLl;t /fd|f] gf]s/L, ;'Gb/ >LdtL, Kof/f] 5f]/f, 5f]/Lsf nflu ;j{>]i7 3/ / >Ldfg To:t} :j:y ;'bL3{ hLjg c¿ klg y'k|} lrh dfFlu/x]sf 5g\ . pgnfO{ nfUof] ls of] pgsf ;fy 3f]/ cGofo / gf]S;fgLsf] sf/f]af/ xf] . ctM pgn] dlGb/ 5f]8g] lg0f{o u/] .
To; a]nfb]lv dlGb/df eujfg\sf] d"lt{ 5, eujfg\\ 5}g .
5t
ha;Dd 5t l7s lyof], leQf 56k6fpg yfn] . p;sf] cTolws af]emnfO{ cfkm\gf sfFwdf p7fP/ /fVg' pgLx¿sf nflu c;Dej e};s]sf] lyof] . ctM af]lng–æca xfdLaf6 c¿ ;xg ug{ ;lsFb}g . ltd|f] af]em .Æ
ædnfO{ af]em g;Dem d]/L 5f]/Lx¿ ÛÆ 5tn] p;nfO{ ;DemfpFb} eGof]–æd ToxL x'F, hxfF d]/f] 7fpF ag]sf] 5 .Æ
leQfx¿nfO{, 5tsf] egfOdf pgLx¿sf] sfFwdf hld/xg] if8oGqsf] uGw cfof] . ctM RofFl7Og–æaf]em g ;dem\ Û xfd|f sfFw r'/r'/ eO;s]sf 5g\ . ca xfdLnfO{ d'Qm u/ .Æ
æd x6]kl5 ltdL lg/y{s e}xfNof] . ltdL 3/ To;a]nf ;Dd xf}, h'ga]nf ;Dd d ltd|f] sfFwdf 5' .Æ ?Gr] unfn] 5tn] k'gM ;Demfof] .
leQfx¿n] of] s'/f klg dfg]gg\ . cGttM 5t 9Nof] . of] b]v]/ leQfx¿ cToGt v';L eP .
t/ pgLx¿n] /fd|/L v';L dgfpg kfPs} lyPgg\, dflnssf dfG5] sf]bfnf] / /:;L lnP/ cfP . pgLx¿n] ;a} leQfnfO{ PsPs u/]/ lgd{dtfk"j{s hu ;d]t pvfn]/ kmfn] .
3fOt] ePsf leQfx¿ hldgdf la5fOP . ptsf cfwf v'n]sf] cfFvf ca klg pgLx¿ dfly l6s]sf] lyof], h:tf] ls elg/x]sf] xf];\ æd ltdLx¿nfO{ ;fFrf] elg/x]sL lyPF lgbf]if{ gfgLx¿ ÛÆ
eljiosf] 8/
lxhf] a"9f] eO;s]sf] lyof]Ù 5fnf pKs]sf] lkkn h:tf] z/L/, hfnf] nfu]sf] leq k;]sf] cfFvf clg s'g} e'txf cfs[lt h:tf] cg'xf/ . t/ cfh hjfg 5, k'i6 / ;'8f}n . Ps lbg afa'–5f]/fdf s'g} s'/fnfO{ lnP/ ax; eof] .
æltd|f] a'l4 v'l:s;s]sf] 5 a"9f . ;f]Rg'–;lDemg' ca ltd|f] jzdf 5}g . ca cfkm\\gf] 3/df a;]/ /fd gfd lng] sfd u/\ .Æ
æ5f]/f Û cu|hx¿sf] ckdfg ug'{x'Fb}g . h'g ;do clxn] 5, Tof] ;w}F /xFb}g . ;dembf/, ;dosf] ultnfO{ ;dft]/ cfkm\gf a"9f ;ofgfsf] kblrGxdf hfg] ub{5g\ .Æ
æc/] a'9pm Û ltdL s] ;lDemG5f} < d cfh x'F cfh . d h] rfxG5', ug{ ;S5' . clxn] ltd|f] kblrGxsf] ;dfgfGt/ lrGx agfP/ l;4 ub{5' ls ltd|f] lrGx unt xf] / d]/f] ;xL .Æ
æzlQm of] ;a ug{ ;S5 5f]/f Û t/ zlQmaf6 ag]sf] ;To clGtd x'Fb}g .Æ
æltd||f] ;ª\s'lrt ljrf/wf/f, /a/ eP/ d]/f] cfGb|fdf el/Psf] 5, lbge/ vf]ls/xG5f}, a; . x/]s ;Tosf nflu ZflQm Ps r'gf}tL x'G5 / rdTsf/ klg, ;lDemof} <Æ
lxhf] c;xfo eO;s]sf] lyof] . p;sf] ;+:sf/ / afWotf cfP/ unfd} /f]lsof] . p;nfO{ kl/j]z af]lemnf] nfUg nfUof] .
æh]i7 gful/s clg cfkm\gf cu|hnfO{ ckdfg ug]{ dflg; slxn] ;'vL /xg ;Sb}g . cfpg] ;dob]lv 8/ 5f]/f Û hf] cfpg]5, pm Ps lbg ltd|f] :yfgdf pleg] 5 / ltdL d]/f] :yfgdf . To; lbgsf] sNkgf u/, 5f]/f ÛÆ eg]/ pm zfGt eO;s]sf] lyof] .
To; a]nfb]lv cfh eljiosf] ef]lnsf] 8/n] 8/fpFb} cfO/x]sf] 5 .
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